Schematics fluid catalytic cracking

Figure 4.8. Schematic of a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Fluidized catalytic processes, in which the finely powdered catalyst is handled as a fluid, have largely replaced the fixed-bed and moving-bed processes, which use a beaded or pelleted catalyst. A schematic flow diagram of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is shown in Fig. 4. 

Fig. 7.9. Schematic of Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) reactor with catalyst regenerator.

The Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process lies at the heart of the modem refinery (1) as outlined in Chapter 4 of this book. The position of the FCC unit in the refinery is schematically sketched in Figure 5.1. 

MTO was first scaled up in MRDC s 4 B/D fluid-bed pilot plant in Paulsboro, New Jersey. Following successful completion of the 100 B/D MTG project, the project was extended, and the plant modified to demonstrate MTO (refs. 16, 17). The plant is shown schematically in Fig. 4. Methanol is converted in a turbulent fluid bed reactor with typical conversions exceeding 99.9%. The products are recovered in a simple gas plant. Coked catalyst is continuously withdrawn from the reactor, and the coke is burned in a fluid-bed regenerator. Coke yield and catalyst circulation are an order of magnitude lower than in fluid catalytic cracking. 

Figure 4.1 Schematic of principal features of a modem fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reactor system.

The fluid catalytic cracking process has been widely employed for converting heavy hydrocarbons into more valuable lighter products, especially gasoline. A simplified schematic diagram of the process is shown in Figure 2.40. 

---