Schematic of the optics

Fig. 1. Schematic of the optical layout of a Fourier-transform spectrometer.

Fig. 69. Schematic of the optical train for birefringence measure ments. For microphotographs, an instant camera replaced the photodetector...

Figure 1. Schematic of the optical fiber system. Excitation light is launched into the fiber. Due to the refractive index differences between the fiber core and cladding materials, the light is internally reflected and travels through the fiber with minimal loss (see inset). The emitted light is carried back from the fluorescent sensor located on the tip of the fiber to a CCD camera detector. Reprinted with permission from Science, 2000, 287, 451-452. Copyright 2000 AAAS.

Figure 11.15. Schematics of the optical arrangement and temperature probes for the Cr+ fluorescence lifetime-based fiber optic thermometers. F = short-pass optical filter Fa = bandpass or long-pass optical filter LD = laser diode LED = light emitting diode S = the fluorescence material used as sensing element vm = signal to modulate the output intensity of the excitation light source v/= the detected fluorescence response from the sensing element.

For a full discussion and review of instrumentation employed at SR centres see Helliwell (1984) and the references therein. In order to give an idea of the scale of the apparatus involved Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the optics on the SRS wiggler protein crystallography workstation and a view of the apparatus inside the experimental hutch. 

Figure 3.13 Schematic of the optical path within a typical spectrofluorimeter...

Figure 8 Schematic of the optical system used to perform the Raman FID and echo experiments. P = Polarizer (D)BS = (dichroic) beamsplitter MD = manual delay line SD = computer-scanned delay line CSA = charge sensitive amplifier CH = chopper PH = pinhole S = sample F = bandpass and neutral density filters PD = photodiode A/D = analog-to-digital converter PC = computer PMT = photomultiplier X/2 = half-wave plate. (From Ref. 6.)...

Fig. 11 Schematic of the optical-fiber sensor design showing the modified cladding region...

Figure 11.8 Schematic of the optical pathway of a fluorometer microwell-plate reader. A fibre-optic carries the excitation radiation to the weUs chosen for analysis and a second fibre recovers the fluorescence via a forward geometry. These fluorometers can read plates containing from 6 up to 384 microweUs, that is useful for routine control in combinatorial chemistry and other immunology/enzymology methods of screening.

The optical system was upgraded in 1985/6, especially with provision of better mirror vacuum to 10 5 Torr. In addition the alignment system was improved and automatic alignment software incorporated. In 1988/9 an on-line IP detector system was introduced for routine use. Figure 5.34(a) shows a schematic of the optics (Wilson 1989). 

Figure 5.34(b) shows a schematic of the optical layout (Wilson 1989). The on-line IP scanner (figure 5.34(c) is moved between X-11 and X-31 as required (see figure 10.4). 

Fig. 6. Schematic of the optical transitions that contribute to the photoresponse of a-Si H Schottky-barrier diodes. A, internal photoemission B, optical band-to-band absorption C, localized to extended state absorption D, absorption in the doped layer.

Figure 8.14 Schematic of the optical path in a wavelength-dispersive sequential spectrometer, showing the positions of the collimators. [Courtesy of PANalytical, Inc., The Netherlands (www. panal)dical.com).]...

Figure 2. Schematic of the optical, electronic, and flow chamber components for the NRL optical waveguide sensor.

Figure 12,2 A schematic of the optical tweezers. All the components discussed in this chapter are highlighted. The solid black line represents the infrared (1064 nm) laser, the grey line represents the green (532 nm) laser and the dotted line represents white light optical paths. The grey box represents the parts enclosed in the microscope...

Figure 1 (a) Schematic of the optical arrangement where FG = function generator, AMP = high voltage amplifer, TC = temperature controller, R = fast chart recorder, C = camera, E = eyepiece,... 

Fig. 2 Representative schematic of the optical configuration for microscale fluorescence thermometry. The dashed box outlines the additional optics required for a two-dye fluorescence imaging...

Figure 2.1 Schematic of the optical path of a double-beam infrared spectrometer with a grating monochromator. Reproduced from Brittain, E. F. H., George, W. O. and Wells, C. H. J., Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, Academic Press, London, Copsnight (1975), with permission from Elsevier.

Very recently, Addleman et al. described a high-pressure cell for the study of TRLIF of uranyl complexes in supercritical CO2 (21). A schematic of the optical cell is shown in Figure 3. The cell has two perpendicular optical paths that are both orthogonal to the SCF flow, allowing absorption, fluorescence, and Raman measurements. The cell body was machined from stainless steel with an internal volume of 0.3 ml. The cell windows were made of 2-mm-thick synthetic... 

FIGURE 7 Schematic of the optical system of a long-baseline interferometric gravitational-wave detector [From Wfeiss, R. (1999). Rsv. Mod. Phys. 71 SI 87-SI 96.]... 

FIGURE 13. Schematic of the optics of a double monochromator. There are three slits marked SI, S2, S3 two plane gratings marked G1 and G2 four concave mirrors, Ml, M2, M5, M6 and two 45° mirrors, M3 and M4. The middle slit S2 connects the two Czerny-Turner grating monochromators and should be set slightly wider than SI and S2 to allow for different alignments in the two monochromators. 

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