Schematic of polymers

Schematic of polymer chains randomly placed in space, with crosslinks also placed randomly, but frequently averaging every 5,000-10,000 g/mol along the chains.

Fig. 4. Schematic of polymer colloidal particles stabilized by PFOA homopolymer [103]...

Figure 1. Schematic of polymer films undergoing irradiation by UV light...

FIGURE 1.11 Schematic of polymer-based detection system. The enzyme-linker antibody has a more compact molecular shape than other polymer carrier-based conjugates and thus allows the attachment of multiple conjugates in close proximity to each other. The abundant conjugated enzymatic molecules are deposited in each antigenic location, which resembles a big-city skyline. From Shi S-R, Quo j, Cote R], et al. Sensitivity and detection efficiency of a novei two-step detection system (PowerVision) for immunohistochemistry. Appi immunohistochem Moi Morphoi. 1999 7 20i-208. 

Figure 3.4 Schematic of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.

FIGURE 13.29 (a) Schematic of polymer chain restrained in a hypothetical tube, (b) Movement of a kink along the chain. 

FIGURE 12.17 Deposition of polydiaminobenzene to form an insulating film. (A) Schematic of polymer-insulated electrode and (B) schematic of microelectrode array. (Reprinted from Matsue, T., Nishizawa, M., Sawaguchi, T., and Uchida, T., /. Ghent. Sac., Ghent. Gontntun., 15, 1029, 1991. with permission)... 

Schematic of polymer intercalation in the silicates in the presence of PP-g-MA. (Reproduced from Kawasumi, M. et al.. Macromolecules, 30,6333,1997.)...

Figure 1.8 Schematic of polymer intercalation in the silicates using melt mixing approach. Reproduced from Ref [27] with permission from American Chemical Society.

FIGURE 3 Schematic of polymer structures possible when two different monomers are used in the synthesis. 

A schematic of polymer degradation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions... 

Schematic of polymer melt pumped through annular die with rotating inner cylinder.

Figure 1.8 Schematics of polymer chains in various coiled conformations. Entanglements are highlighted by dashed squares.

Figure 9.5 Schematic of polymer-MH nanocomposites using MPTMS as a coupling agent. Reproduced from reference 79 with permission from Wiley.

FIGURE 2.A.1 Schematic of polymer chains on a two-dimensional lattice. 

Table 5.6 Schematic Illustration Showing the Formation of a Linear Polymer by the Reaction of One of the f- 1 Reactive Groups at the End of a Portion of Polymer...

Figure 9.15 Schematic illustration of size exclusion in a cylindrical pore (a) for spherical particles of radius R and (b) for a flexible chain, showing allowed (solid) and forbidden (broken) conformations of polymer.

The solution process consists of four steps preparation of cellulose for acetylation, acetylation, hydrolysis, and recovery of cellulose acetate polymer and solvents. A schematic of the total acetate process is shown in Figure 9. 

Fig. 6. Schematic of dry-jet wet spinning employing tube-in-orifice spinneret A, bore injection medium (liquid, gas, or suspended soHds) B, pump C, spinneret D, polymer spinning solution E, micrometer ( -lm) "dope" filter F, coagulation or cooling bath G, quench bath and H, collection spool.

Fig. 10. Schematic of casting machine used to make microporous membranes by watervapor imbibition. A casting solution is deposited as a thin film on a moving stainless steel belt. The film passes through a series of humid and dry chambers, where the solvent evaporates from the solution, and water vapor is absorbed from the air. This precipitates the polymer, forming a microporous membrane that is taken up on a collection roU (25).

Fig. 15. Schematic of the interfacial polymerization process. The microporous film is first impregnated with an aqueous amine solution. The film is then treated with a multivalent cross-linking agent dissolved in a water-immiscible organic fluid, such as hexane or Freon-113. An extremely thin polymer film...

Fig. 45. Schematic of transdermal patch in which the rate of deUvery of dmg to the body is controlled by a polymer membrane. Such patches are used to...

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of polymer stmctures (a) linear (b) cross-linked and (c) branched, where LDPE — low density polyethylene and...

Fig. 23.2. A schematic of o linear-amorphous polymer, showing the strong covalent bonds (full lines) and the weak secondary bonds (dotted lines). When the polymer is loaded below Tg, it is the secondary bonds which stretch.

Fig. 12. Schematic of a polymer-coated crosslinked PDMS cap in contact with a polymer-coated flat surface. The PDMS cap is oxidized in 02-plasma, and the polymer layer is coated by solvent casting. On flat surface, the polymer layer is spin coated.

A typical system is a chlorome thy late d polystyrene resin cross-linked with 2 or 4% p-divinylbenzene and different amounts of chloromethylated sites (0.7—3.7 mequiv. of Cl per g of polymer) . The reaction is shown schematically in Eq. (6.19) and additional information may be found in Sects. 8.3 and 8.8. 

HOPC uses a column packed with porous materials that have a pore diameter close to a dimension of the solvated polymer to separate. A concentrated solution of the polymer is injected into the solvent-imbibed column by a high-pressure liquid pump until the polymer is detected at the column outlet. The injection is then switched to the pure solvent, and the eluent is fractionated. A schematic of an HOPC system is illustrated in Fig. 23.1. A large volume injection of a concentrated solution makes HOPC different from conventional SEC. 

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