Scanning electron microscopy grain size

A first approximate approach for estimating N,pb, or /tpb.n is to use scanning electron microscopy to estimate the average grain size, d, of the electrode. One then assumes spherical grains for the electrode film and semispherical grains in contact with the solid electrolyte to obtain ... 

In Ref. 47, as before, no structural or compositional characterization was given, and the fihns were classified as Cuj S. Average grain size, measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was ca. 70 nm. 

Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM, showed mini-cracks but with a grain size of only 10 um compared with a well sintered Mg-PSZ ceramic showing a larger grain size of about 50 um. 

A.H. Deutchman and R.J. Partyka (Beam Alloy Corporation observe, "Characterization and classification of thin diamond films depend both on advanced surface-analysis techniques capable of analyzing elemental composition and microstructure (morphology and crystallinity), and on measurement of macroscopic mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties. Because diamond films are very thin (I to 2 micrometers or less) and grain and crystal sizes are very small, scanning electron microscopy... 

Powder morphology was investigated using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, Model JEM-IOOCXII). Crystallite size of the powders and grain size of Nd YAG ceramics calcined at different temperatures were calculaied by X-ray diffraction (XRD, model D/maxrA, using nickel-filtered Cu-Ka radiation) patterns from the Scherrer s equation. Microstructures of the fractured and the thermal etched mirror-polished surfaces of Nd YAG specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Model S-4800). Densities of the samples were measured by the Archimedes draining method. 

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