Scaled electric field

Electron transfer rates are naturally subject to molecular-scale electric fields. Therefore, ion binding to a molecule is an effective way of controlling PET within it. Since PET is an excited state deactivation pathway, the competing radiative route, i.e. luminescence, also becomes exposed to ionic manipulation. Under favorable conditions, PET rates can be much faster (lO s" ) than luminescence (10 -10 ° s ). At the other extreme, conditions can be arranged under which PET is effectively non-existent. Therefore, luminescence can be ionically switched between off and on states representing digital action. ... 

Therefore, we finally obtain the following form of the contraction integral equation (CIE) with respect to the scaled electric field E ... 

After taking the derivative with respect to A, we write TJt in terms of the scaled electric field, e = r)G ... 

F, z - scaled electric field and the inner variable in the ESC region... 

The apparent scaled electric field due to the presence of a membrane, a. can be expressed by... 

The BRM, as defined in this section, uses only two dimensionless variables the molecular size N and the scaled electric field 0. Equation (13) can be rewritten as ... 

Fig.6 Scaled mobility iJ iQ=(ih ) yN as a function of the inverse molecular size /N for two different values of the scaled electric field 0. The points are from computer simulations of the BRM the solid lines were obtained by using the distribution function given by Eq.(27b) to calculate the dashed lines... 

Fig.11 Result of a computer simulation of the BRM The electrophoretic velocity is plotted as a function of the molecular size N (in segments) for a scaled electric field of 0=1.0. The dashed line is for a continuous field and has a minimum at AT l4. The solid curve is for intermittent fields with qj =(1/8) opp=200Xbi, and has a minimum for N 20.

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