SAX profile

Figure Bl.9.13. Time-resolved SAXS profiles diirmg isothennal crystallization (230 °C) of PET (the first 48 scans were collected with 5 seconds scan time, the last 52 scans were collected with 30 seconds scan time) calculated correlation fiinctions j(r) (nonnalized by the invariant 0 and lamellar morphological variables...

Another method for the determination of the structure of the crystal lattice is SAXS [30,31]. Figure 6 shows the specific SAXS profiles of microsphere film (MC2). The cubic packing values (dl/di) are listed in Table 3. Three clear peaks appeared at 0.35, 0.42, and 0.66 degrees in Fig. 6. The dl/di values of the second and third peaks are >/4/3 and >/U/3, respectively. These values are peculiar to the FC(T structure. Thus, the lattice structure of the microspheres is an estimated FCC. As both... 

Figure 4. SAXS profiles of TEOS-PTMO materials made with 50 wt% TEOS (PTMO MW=650, 1000, 2000).

The observed maxima in the SAXS scattering profiles result from regular (or partially regular) fluctuations of the electron density within the TEOS-PTMO materials. Such maxima in SAXS profiles are typically observed in systems which exhibit microphase separation. The distance or "correlation length" that... 

Figure 5. A schematic model for the structure in TEOS-PTMO hybrid systems, (A) PTMO chain, (B) linear species based on partially condensed TEOS, (C) cluster formed by highly condensed TEOS. 1/s corresponds to the correlation length observed in SAXS profiles.

Figure 9. SAXS profiles of titanium containing TEOS-PTMO materials made by procedure b (wt% Ti-isop. = 0, 15, 30).

Figure 11. Aging effect on the SAXS profile of a TEOS-PTMO material (PTMO MW=2000)...

Figure 4. Azimuthally integrated SAXS profiles as a function of temperature for (a) TMA+ and (b) TBA+ forms of uniaxially oriented Nafion.

Fig. 4 Effect of nanoclay loading on neat SEBS a Lorentz -corrected SAXS profiles (vertically shifted for better clarity) showing effect of nanoclay arrows indicate peak positions, b Lengths corresponding to first- and second- order scattering vector positions along with the 2D SAXS patterns for each sample of clay-loaded nanocomposites...

The domain spacing obtained by Hamley et al. (1997a) and Ryan et al. (1995) increased discontinuously upon crystallization, as indicated by the shift of the principal peak position, q, to lower q, as apparent in Fig. 5.3. Here q = AnsinOIX where 20 is the scattering angle and X is the X-ray wavelength. The SAXS profiles from the crystallized diblocks were shown to correspond to the sum of scattering from block copolymer lamellae, with up to four orders of reflection, plus a broad... 

Figure 7.7 SAXS profiles for two hydroxyl-terminated oligomers crosslinked by alkoxysilane sol-gel chemistry. First, 1 mole of macrodiol, SS (hydrogenated polybutadiene, HPBD or polycaprolactone, PCL, Mn= 2 kg mol-1), was reacted at 80°C with 2 mole of dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, H12 MDI. After complete reaction, the prepolymer was dissolved in tetrahydro-furan and the y-aminosilane, yAPS was added dropwise at room temperature. After 1 h of reaction, the solvent was removed under pressure. The final network was obtained in the absence of a solvent by hydrolysis and condensation of the ethoxysilane groups by the addition of 0.1 mol% TFA, trifluor-oacetic acid. After stirring at room temperature, the mixture was cast into a mold and cured for 24 h at 100°C under pressure, and then postcured at 150°C for 12 h. (Cuney et al., 1997 - Copyright 2001, Reprinted by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Its structure was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) (Fig. 7a). In Fig. 7a, three SAXS profiles are presented. Two of them are calculated theoretically (lines 1,2) and the third profile (open circles) represents experimental results. Both lines 1 and 2 are obtained using the model of a kinked cylindrical helix as imaged in Fig. 7b. For fine 2, the partial aggregation of the helices is taken into account. The theoretical and experimental... 

SAXS profiles shown in Fig. 7a coincide at most scattering vector values, which suggests that the proposed model satisfactorily describes the nanostructures formed in solution of maltopentaose-carrying PS as having cylindrical shape. 

The corresponding ASAXS profiles, Imom(q), are shown in Fig. 19.6D. Note that the difference signal is small. This signal arises from approximately 40 Rb+ ions per 25 bp DNA and typically is one order of magnitude smaller than the on- or off-energy SAXS profiles. However, these ASAXS data collection methods produce results that are robust and reproducible between runs. 

Floudas and coworkers [88] investigated the static and kinetic aspects of the order-disorder transition in SI2 and SIB miktoarm stars using SAXS and rheology. At temperatures above the order-disorder transition (ODT) the mean field theory describes the experimental results quite well. Near the ODT, SAXS profiles gave evidence for the existence of fluctuations. Both samples separated into cylindrical microdomains below the ODT. The ODT was determined on shear oriented samples and found, by SAXS, to be 379 K in both cases. This was confirmed by rheology. The discontinuities in SAXS peak intensity and in the storage modulus near the ODT were more pronounced for the miktoarm stars than for the diblocks. The %N values, where % is the interaction parameter and N the... 

One of the benefits of direct TEM observation is its possible accounting of the thickness of the crystalline and amorphous layers separately. The distributions of thickness for amorphous and crystalline layers are plotted in Figure 8.40 Both crystalline and amorphous thickness distribution curves have their individual maxima, whose positions are independent of prior polymer concentration. The peak top is always located at 9 nm for crystalline layer and 1.5 nm for the amorphous one. Their SAXS profiles are compared in Figure 9.40 The long periods lie in the constant position at around 0.75°, which corresponds to 11.5 nm thickness, independent of prior polymer concentration. As the lamellar thickness obtained by SAXS is the sum of thicknesses of the crystalline and amorphous phases, the average thickness of lamellae measured by TEM coincides with that by SAXS. Therefore, the morphologies seem to be independent of polymer concentration. 

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