Sarin , described

The USA adopted sarin as its nerve agent after the war and then developed a more sophisticated gas, VX. This is not volatile and is described as persistent, remaining in a sprayed area, whereas sarin is non-persistent, that is, it evaporates and therefore a sprayed area becomes less hazardous with time. 

In victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack, endotracheal intubation was not difficult. The Japanese medical literature describes the standard treatment for sarin toxicity as... 

This chapter described the major epidemiological studies of populations who have been exposed to chemical warfare agents. Many of the studies of military populations have suffered fi om inaccurate exposure assessment and lack of clinical data. The studies in the past decade of the survivors of the sarin terrorist attacks provide the most comprehensive data to date on the scope of health outcomes associated with these exposures. These reports point to the need for longterm follow-up studies of victims following such events. The data from the terrorist events and the Gulf War when many troops believed they were exposed to chemical agents point to the prevalence of PTSD associated with real or threatened exposure. 

Interaction of CarbE with nerve agents follows a kinetic of first order characterized by inhibition of CarbE at the active site serine residue described by a bimolecular rate constant, ki (Maxwell and Brecht, 2001). For noncharged nerve agents (e.g. sarin and soman) the ki of rat serum CarbE was found to be >10 M min whereas cationic substrates (e.g. VX) are converted with poor reactivity (ki < 10" M min ). This specificity is explained by the electrostatic characteristics of the large active site containing only a few cation-II bonding and anionic residues (Maxwell and Brecht, 2001 Satoh and Hosokawa, 2006). 

Apart from the Chirasil-L-Val method, sarin enantiomers were also separated by a 2D-GC technique on chiral Cyclo-dex B material prior to NPD monitoring (Spruit et al., 2000, 2001). An additional GC-based approach allowed baseline separation of cyclosarin enantiomers on a GAMMA DEX column monitored by EI-MS (Reiter et al, 2007). VX enantiomers were chromatographed on a Chiracel OD column by LC coupled to an electrochemical detector yielding a lower limit of quantification of about lOng/ml blood (Van der Schans et al, 2003). To our knowledge no chiral HPLC-MS separation of OPCs has been described so far although mobile phases are compatible with MS detection. 

Regenerated sarin Sr from red blood cells is experimentally related to AChE activity H in Figure 51.3. It is apparent that the relationship can be adequately described in terms of a Michaelis-Menten equation as follows ... 

Portal biliopathy as an entity was first described by S.K. Sarin et al. in 1992. This condition may be observed in... 

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