Sarcine

Iordanov, M. S. et al. Ribotoxic stress response Activation of the stress-activated protein kinase JNK1 by inhibitors of the peptidyl transferase reaction and by sequence-specific RNA damage to the alpha-sarcin/ricin loop in the 28S rRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 3373, 1997. 

This report was the first of its type to show the ability of such a large covalently linked carbohydrate (neomycin) to aid in RNA-DNA hybrid complex-ation. N-Neo-conjugate and a 7-base-long RNA sequence present in a-sarcin loop can form a stable hybrid duplex. The stability of a hybrid duplex with addition of one neomycin equivalent is comparable to the stability of a hybrid duplex where the DNA has a covalent bond to neomycin. The presence of a single mismatch decreases the melting temperature of both neomycin-conjugated... 

Fig. 3 Secondary structure of the ribosomal rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. http //www.ma.icmb.utexas. edu (Cannone et al. 2002). The numbering of nucleotides is according to E. coli. Helices H) discussed in the text are highlighted and localization of yeast rdn mutations are indicated, a Secondary structure of the small subunit 18S rRNA. Helices discussed in the text are labeled in red. b Secondary structure of the 25 rRNA. Helices discussed in the text are labeled in blue. Helix 44 is part of the L7/L12 stalk hehx 95 contains the sarcin-ricin loop. For details, see text...

Liu R, Liebman SW (1996) A translational fidelity mutation in the universally conserved sarcin/ricin domain... 

Panopoulos P, Dresios J, Synetos D (2004) Biochemical evidence of translational infidelity and decreased peptidyltransferase activity by a sarcin/ricin domain mutation of yeast 25S rRNA. Nucleic Acids Res... 

Specific metal ion binding sites are directly observed in the crystal structures of hammerhead ribozymes [18], P4—P6 domain of Tetrahymena group I intron [19], transfer (tRNA) [20], GAAA tetraloop receptor [21], sarcin-ricin loop [22], and MMTV pseudoknots [23], for example. High... 

R/S domain, highly conserved ricin/a-sarcin-interacting domain of 28S rRNA RA-R, retinoic acid receptor RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum Rha, rhamnose, rhamnoside,... 

Sacco G, Drickamer K, Wool IG The primary stracture of the cytotoxin a-sarcin. J Biol Chem 1983 258 5811-5818. 

A satisfactory correlation has been found to exist between sensitivity of archaeal ribosomes to certain antibiotics (streptomycin, erythromycin, a-sarcin) and possession of the specific structural motifs that are involved in antibiotic action. 

There are several instances, however, in which the correlation between antibiotic sensitivity and possession of the prerequisite elements for antibiotic action is less straightforward. This is exemplified by thiostrepton, monosubstituted and disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamines and a-sarcin. 

Presumably, the insensitivity to aminoglycosides, and weak susceptibility to a-sarcin, are accounted for by unique three-dimensional features of the interacting site. 

Fig. 9. The a-sarcin target loop of large ribosomal subunit RNA. The a-sarcin cleaving site is indicated by the arrow (right). The boxed 14-nucleotide stretch is universally conserved, except for the encircled residue which is a cytosine in all bacteria and an adenine in all archaea and eucarya.

Brigotti, M., Rambelli, F., Zamboni, M., Montanaro, L. and Sperti, S. (1989) Effect of alpha-sarcin and ribosome-inactivating proteins on the interaction of elongation factors with ribosomes. Biochem J. 257, 723-727. 

Chan, Y.L., Correll, C.C. and Wool, I.G. (2004) The location and the significance of a cross-link between the sarcin/ricin domain of ribosomal RNA and the elongation factor-G. J Mol Biol, 331, 263-272. 

Chen, C., Jiang, L., Michalczyk, R. and Russu, LM. (2006) Structural energetics and base-pair opening dynamics in sarcin-ricin domain RNA. Biochemistry, 45, 13606-13613. 

Macbeth, M.R. and Wool, LG. (1999) Characterization of in vitro and in vivo mutations in non-conserved nucleotides in the ribosomal RNA recognition domain for the ribotoxins ricin and sarcin and the translation elongation factors. J Mol Biol, 285, 567-580. 

Mansouri, S., NouroUahzadeh, E. and Hudak, K.A. (2006) Pokeweed antiviral protein depurinates the sarcin/ricin loop of the rRNA prior to binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A-site. RNA, 12, 1683-1692. 

Guillot, D., Lavergne, J. P., and Reboud, J. P., Trp221 is involved in the protective effect of elongation factor eEF-2 on the ricin/alpha-sarcin site of the ribosome, J. Biol. Chem., 268(35], 26082, 1993. 

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