Primary sampling

There are various types of samples within given sampling schemes, e.g., bulk samples > primary samples > gross samples > subsamples > test samples > measuring samples —Fig. 2.4... 

Other designations for samples are bulk sample, primary sample, secondary sample, subsample, laboratory sample, and test sample. These terms are used when a sample of a bulk system is divided, possibly a number of times, before actually used in an analysis. For example, a water sample from a well... 

Differentiate between bulk sample, primary sample, secondary sample, subsample, laboratory sample, and test sample. 

Other designations for samples are bulk sample, primary sample, secondary sample, subsample, laboratory sample, and test sample. These terms are used when a sample of a bulk system is divided, possibly a number of times, before actually being used in an analysis. For example, a water sample from a well may be collected in a large bottle (bulk sample or primary sample), from which a smaller sample is acquired by pouring into a vial to be taken into the laboratory (secondary sample, subsample, or laboratory sample), then poured into a beaker (another secondary sample or subsample), before a portion is finally carefully measured into a flask (test sample) and diluted to make the sample solution. 

Plant Mean Sample Primary Sulfur Emission Rate Ref. 

An MAA with a possible restricted geographic occurrence is mycosporine-glycine valine. This MAA was first described from a survey of Antarctic species and was initially observed only in consumer organisms (invertebrates and fish), not any of the sampled primary producers.107 Subsequent studies in the Antarctic have identified this MAA in the diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus, the haptophyte Phaeocystis sp., and mixed assemblages of Southern Ocean phytoplankton.124 126 128 There have been a few tentative identifications of mycosporine-glycine valine in organisms from... 

Fig. 1. Protein pattern of treated cells compared to control obtained after separation of 350 p,g protein sample. Primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to 0.5 mM fenofibrate for 24 h. After the first dimensional run, proteins were separated on a 12.5 % SD-polyacrylamid gel and stained with S YPRO Ruby. Spot Ids marks differentially regulated proteins...

Sampling can be broken into primary and secondary sampling. Primary sampling relates to removing a representative sample from the bulk—how to get a sample from a train car, drum, etc. ISO and other standards (ISO 13320 (3),... 

Figure 6 (A) A series-tuned, balanced-matched, inductively coupled sample (primary) coil. This example consists of a single loop of conductor with two symmetrically positioned fixed tuning capacitors, 2Q, and a variable capacitor, Q, for fine adjustment of the resonance frequency. The series tuning capacitors lower the coil voltage and should reduce dielectric losses. A secondary (impedance-matching) coil is required for coupling the primary to the spectrometer. (B) A circuit for a balanced-matched, inductively coupled surface coil. Lg is the inductance of the sample (primary) coil, which is tuned by Q and Q. Lm is the inductance of the matching (secondary) coil. The impedance matching can be fine-adjusted using Cm. (Reproduced with permission from Cady EB (1990). Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. New York Plenum Plenum.)...

MSA (EG) flow rate lOpL/min injection volume 0.4 pU detection suppressed conductivity and charge detection (retention time shifted to align sodium peaks) sample primary wastewater effluent peaks (1) sodium, (2) ammonium,... 

The apparently twice-Nemstian responses of ISEs based on acidic ionophores (Figure 7.8A) are the first examples of apparently non-Nemstian responses that could be explained on the basis of equilibrium phase boundary potentials (44). In this system, the acidic ionophores such as lasalocid (Sr -1) in their deprotonated form, L , can bind both to dications, as primary ions and to H+ ions as secondary ions. With the assumption of 1 1 complexes for both ions and equilibrium exchange of the ions at the membrane/ sample interface, the potentiometric response was demonstrated to depend simultaneously on the two ions over several orders of magnitude of the sample primary-ion activity in pH-bn fered solntions. In the twice-Nemstian response region, the ionophores in the complexed forms with H and are present simultaneously, whereas free ionophores are depleted (Figure 7.8B). The free concentration in the membrane phase is inversely proportional to the sample activity (Figure 7.8C), which results in a... 

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