Sample Preparation Using an Off-Line Approach

One of the critical steps in qualitative and quantitative analysis is the sample preparation procedure. Sample preparation step can affect specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and throughput of a bioanalytical procedure. In addition to development and optimization of the chemistry involved in sample processing, the use of semiautomated or fully automated protocols has been 

Some of the most commonly utilized robotic modules for the 96-well SPE procedure are Tomtec Quadra (Tomtec, Hamden, CT, USA), Packard Multi-Probe (Packard Instruments, Meriden, CT, USA), Biomek (Beckman-Coulter, Fullerton, CA), and Tecan (Durham, NC, USA) units. 

Due to its ease of use and speed, PPT is one of the most common approaches in sample preparation in early drug discovery [25]. While PPT is fast, easy-to-apply, and applicable to a broad class of small molecules, it also suffers from 

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