Samarium oxide chloride

For various types of catalyst there are results of kinetic investigations for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane available (e.g., for a magnesium oxide catalyst doped with samarium oxide, lithium nitrate and ammonium chloride [64] or a V2O5/Y-AI2O3 catalyst [68]). In another study with a Sn.oLai.oNdi.oOx catalyst, investigations were reported of noncatalytic reactions, which were found to be significant at temperatures above 700 °C [69]. 

Barbier reaction Samarium(II) iodide, 270 Benzoannelation Chromium carbene complexes, 82 Dicarbonylcyclopentadienylcobalt, 96 Ethyl (Z)-3-bromoacryIate, 130 Grignard reagents, 138 Methyl acrylate, 183 Methyllithium, 188 Ruthenium(III) chloride, 268 Benzoin condensation Benzyltriethylammonium chloride, 239 3-EthyIbenzothiazolium bromide, 130 Benzoylation (see also Acylation) Cadmium, 60 Dibutyltin oxide, 95 Birch reduction Birch reduction, 32... 

Methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1 -oxopiperidinium chloride, 183 Osmium tetroxide, 222 Samarium(II) iodide, 270 Reagents suitable for oxidation of benzyl alcohols but not other primary alcohols... 

Norephedrine, 200 Organoaluminum reagents, 202 Organotitanium reagents, 213 9-(Phenylseleno)-9-borabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane, 245 Tin(II) chloride, 298 Titanium(IV) chloride, 304 Trityllithium, 338 Trityl perchlorate, 339 Zinc chloride, 349 By other reactions Chloromethyl ethyl ether, 75 Dibutyltin oxide, 95 Samarium(II) iodide, 270 Tributyltin hydride, 316 Hydroxy amides a-Hydroxy amides... 

Using chromium-based oxidants 2,4-Dimethylpentane-2,4-diol chromate(VI) diester, 122 Trimethylsilyl chlorochromate, 327 Using other oxidizing agents Bis(tributyltin) oxide, 41 Hydrogen hexachloroplatinate(IV)-Copper(II) chloride, 145 4-Methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1 -oxopiperidinium chloride, 183 Osmium tetroxide, 222 Potassium nitrosodisulfonate, 258 Samarium(II) iodide, 270 From alkenes by addition or cleavage reactions... 

The cerium oxide obtained on calcination is treated with nitric acid and then hydrolysed in the presence of sulfate to give basic sulfate of 99.9% purity. The cerium-free rare earth chlorides are subjected to a solvent extraction step to produce a samarium concentrate as shown in Fig. 1.15. 

The ABC ring system of the carbocyclic skeleton of variecolin, a sesterterpenoid natural product was accomplished by G.A. Molander and co-workers. In their approach, they utilized two samarium diiodide mediated processes. First, a primary alkyl iodide was reacted with a ketone substrate in the presence of two equivalents of samarium diiodide and catalytic nickel(ll) iodide under samarium Grignard conditions. Subsequent oxidation and lactone formation provided the chlorolactone substrate. As alkyl chlorides are less reactive than alkyl bromides and iodides, the second samarium diiodide mediated process, an intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution, required visible light irradiation. 

Samarium diiodide when coupled with irradiation is a very reactive reducing reagent with respect to alkyl chlorides, whose oxidation potential is higher than those of the corresponding bromides and iodides. When such a reduction of an alkyl chloride was attempted under CO pressure [60], an unsymmetrical ketone was obtained, comprised of two molecules of alkyl chloride and two molecules of carbon monoxide. An a-hydroxy ketone, obtained via the dimerization of acylsa-marium, is a likely precursor of the final product. 

In a similar manner, treatment of anhydrous rare earth chlorides with three equivalents of lithium 1,3-di-ferf-butylacetamidinate (prepared in situ from di-fert-butylcarbodiimide, Bu -N=C=N-Bu , and methyllithium) afforded Ln[MeC (NBu )2]3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Er, Lu) in 57-72% isolated yields [6,7,26]. X-ray crystal structures of these complexes demonstrated monomeric formulations with distorted octahedral geometry around the lanthanide(III) ions (Eig. 3, Ln = La). The new complexes are thermally stable at >300°C, and sublime without decomposition between 180-220°C/0.05Torr. Other series of homoleptic lanthanide tris(amidinates) include the -cyclohexyl-substituted derivatives [RC(NCy)2]3Ln(THF)n (R = Me, Ln = Nd, Gd, Yb, n = 0 R = Ph, Ln = Nd, Y, Yb, n = 2). A sterically hindered homoleptic samarium(III) tris(amidinate), Sm[HC(NC6H3Pr 2-2,6)2]3, was obtained by oxidation of the corresponding Sm(II) precursor (cf.. Scheme 8) [6,7]. 

Figure 25 shows the general process steps for the melting route. All components of the alloys must he in metallic form, either as elements, or as master alloys which may he available more economically. Examples of the latter are RE-TM eutectic alloys (except with Sm) prepared by electrowinning, and Fe-Zr or Fe-Ti which are standard products for the steel industry. The RE metals used are made either metallothermically by reducing RE-oxides with calcium (and in the case of Sm with La or mischmetal) as the reductant, or by molten-chloride electrolysis. Electrolytic methods do not work with samarium because of its stable divalent state. Samarium is usually further refined by vacuum distillation, which is easy because of the low boiling point. 

Samarium(III) oxide Smfi +1988 Strontium chloride hexahydrate SrClj.6HjO -145... 

Phosphoryl chloride cipp 1.18 13.1 Samarium(III) oxide O Snij 2335 119... 

Many methods are available for the removal of oxygen from A -oxides, samarium iodide, chromous chloride, stannous chloride with low-valent titanium, ammonium formate with palladium, and catalytic hydrogenation all do the job at room... 

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