Samarium neodymium

Sims KWW, DePaolo DJ, Murrell MT, Baldridge WS, Goldstein SJ, Clague DA (1995) Meehanisms of magma generation beneath Hawaii and mid-oeean ridges uranium/ thorium and samarium/ neodymium isotopic evidence. Seienee 267 508-512... 

After the brilliant researches of Bunsen and Kirchhoff had paved the way, other new elements were soon revealed by the spectroscope. Among these may be mentioned thallium, indium, gallium, helium, ytterbium, holmium, thulium, samarium, neodymium, praseodymium, and lutetium. 

Sims, K.W.W., DePaolo, D.J., Murrell, M.T., Baldridge, W.S., Goldstein, S.J. and Clague, D.A., 1995. Mechanisms of magma generation beneath Hawaii and mid-ocean ridges Uranium/thorium and samarium/neodymium isotopic evidence. Science, 267 508-512. 

Samarium-neodymium evolution diagram for lunar mare basalt 75075. Data points for the total rock, plagiodase, ilmenite, and pyroxene form a precise linear array, the slope of which gives a crystallization age of 3.70 0.07 Ga for this rock (7= 6.54 x 10 12 yr 1). The insert shows the deviations from the best-fit line in parts in 104. After Lugmair et al. (1975a). 

As with the Sm- Nd and Re- Os systems, careful chemistry is required to cleanly separate the parent and daughter elements because mass spectrometry cannot resolve 176Lu from 176Hf. The ion-exchange chemistry is similar to that for samarium-neodymium. In fact, fractions of samarium, neodymium, lutetium and hafnium are often produced in a single procedure. Mass spectrometry is done by ICPMS because this is the only method that effectively ionizes hafnium. 

Prinzhofer, A., Papanastassiou, D. A. and Wasserburg, G. J. (1992) Samarium-neodymium evolution of meteorites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 797-815. 

Chesley, J.T., A.N , Halliday, and R.C. Scrivener Samarium-Neodymium Direct Dating of Fluorite Mineralization," Science. 949 (May 17, 1991)... 

Fundamental studies have been reported using the cationic liquid ion exchanger di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in the extraction of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid (H34), yttrium from nitric acid solution (Hll), nickel and zinc from a waste phsophate solution (P9), samarium, neodymium, and cerium from their chloride solutions (12), aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, molybdenum, selenium, thorium, titanium, yttrium, and zinc (Lll), and in the formation of iron and rare earth di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid polymers (H12). Other cationic liquid ion exchangers that have been used include naphthenic acid, an inexpensive carboxylic acid to separate copper from nickel (F4), di-alkyl phosphate to recover vanadium from carnotite type uranium ores (M42), and tributyl phosphate to separate rare earths (B24). 

Claesson S., Pallister J. S., and Tatsumoto M. (1984) Samarium-neodymium data on two Late Proterozoic ophiolites of Saudi Arabia and implications for crustal and mantle evolution. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 85, 244—252. 

The materials derived from YBa2Cu307 by replacing yttrium with other rare earth elements (lutetium, ytterbium, thulium, erbium, hohnium, dysprosium, gadolinium, europium, samarium, neodymium, lanthanum) are also superconductors, with r, s of 88 to 96 K. The crystal structures of RBa2Cu307 are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. The lattice constant is slightly different for the different ionic radii of the rare earth elements, and yet their chemical and physical properties are almost the same as those of YBa2Cu307. 

Isochron age calculations are commonly made for the Rb-Sr (rubidium-strontium], Sm-Nd (samarium-neodymium], and U-Pb (uranium-lead] radioactive systems. They are most commonly applied to whole-rock systems, that is, a suite of samples thought to have formed at the same time, such as an igneous plu-ton or a suite of lavas. Isochron age calculations may also be made for a suite of minerals in a rock, in which case they date the time at which the minerals lost isotopic contact with each other, that is, became closed systems. This approach can be useful in dating metamorphism. 

Mearns, E.W., Knarud, R.N., Stanley, K.O. Stock-bridge, C.P. (1989) Samarium-neodymium isotope stratigraphy of the Lunde and StatQord Formations of Snorre Oil Field, northern North Sea. J. geol. Soc. London, 146, 217-228. 

Table 6.2 Samarium-neodymium isotopic ratios for the lower ultramafic unit of the Onverwacht volcanics. South Africa (from Hamilton et aL, 1979b) used in the construction of the. isochron in Figure 6.2. . ...

The Cocks Formation contains a porphyritic pillow lava that was dated by RoweU et al. (1993) by means of the samarium-neodymium (Sm-Nd) method (Appendix 3.6.6). The rock yielded a Sm-Nd model date of700-800 Ma, which indicates that the flow was extruded during the Neoproterozoic Era The metamorphic grade of the Cocks Formation also increases in a northerly direction. 

The Prince Albert Mountains in the northern part of southern Victoria Land consist of a large number of nunataks located on the polar plateau at the heads of Mawson, Harbord, and David glaciers aU of which flow into the Ross Sea. Several of these nunataks are composed of siUs of Ferrar Dolerite although flows of Kirkpatrick Basalt occur on Brimstone Peak (75°48 S, 158°33 E). Molzahn et al. (1996) reported isotope ratios of strontium, neodymium, and osmium as well as trace-element concentrations of five dolerite samples from the nunataks of the Prince Albert Mountains and two basalt samples from Brimstone Peak, including rubidium, strontium, samarium, neodymium, rhenium (Re) and osmium (Os). They also measured isotope ratios of strontium, neodymium, and lead in clinopyroxene and plagioclase of these rocks. 

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