Ruthenium , hexaammine

Ruthenium, (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)-chemical analysis, 1,488 Ruthenium, hexaammine-oxidation, 1,370 redox potential. 1,485... 

Y. Harel, A. W. Adamson. Photocalorimetry. 4. Enthalpies of Substitution Reactions of Rhodium(III) and Iridium(lll) Pentaammine Halides and of Ruthenium(II) Hexaammine. J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 6690-6693. 

The preparation of the hexaammine complexes of ruthenium(II) and ruthenium (III) salts are sketchily described in the literature. The preparation of hexaammineruthenium(II) by the reduction of ruthenium trichloride with zinc in ammonia is described briefly by Lever and Powell.1 Allen and Senoff2 carry out the reduction using hydrazine hydrate. The hexaammineruthe-nium(III) cation is obtained by oxidation of the ruthenium(II) complex,1 and pentaamminechlororuthenium(III) dichloride is obtained by treating the former compound with hydrochloric acid.1,3 This compound may also be obtained by treating the pentaammine molecular nitrogen complex of ruthenium(II) with hydrochloric acid.2,4... 

The yellow pentaammine complex of ruthenium(III) chloride crystallizes as octahedral crystals. It is a stable compound and exists in hydrochloric acid solution over a wide range of acid concentrations. The pale yellow hexaammine complex of ruthenium(III) is soluble in water and an excellent starting material for further ruthenium(III) compounds.5... 

Figure 6,11 Typical cyclic voltammetric traces obtained in I mM hexaammine-ruthenium(lll) chloride/0.1 M KCI using the a graphite-bSPE of 50 ym (solid line) and 100 ym (dashed line) in length. Scan rate 5 mVs f Reproduced from Ref [107] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry...

Fig. 3.29 Cyclic voltammetric profiles recorded towards 1 mM hexaammine-ruthenium(in) chloride in 1 M KCl. Scan rate 100 mVs (vs. SCE). a obtained using an EPPG electrode (dotted line) after modification with increasing depositions of 1.38, 2.75 and 8.25 pg GO (solid lines). Reproduced from Ref. [106] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry, b Obtained using an EPPG electrode (dotted line) with the addition of increasing amounts of 100, 200 and 300 ng graphene (solid lines). Reproduced from Ref [33] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry...

The voltammetric response arises as the amount of C is increased which is attributed to the oxygenated species of the GO in this case [106]. Bear in mind that this response is unique to hexaammine-ruthenium(III) chloride and also occurs to a lesser extent for potassium hexachloroiridate(III) [106]. Crucially, the observed voltammetric reduction waves evident in Fig. 3.28 coupled with the voltammetry observed in Fig. 3.29 can be used as a measure to determine whether GO has been efficiently (electrochemically) reduced prior to its application in a plethora of areas [105, 106]. 

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