Ruthenium complexes electrochemistry

Nitration of the surface of polypyrrole and the subsequent reduction of the nitrate groups has been reported [244] and Bidan et al. [306, 307] have investigated the electrochemistry of a number of polymers based on pyrroles with /V-substituents which are themselves electrochemically active. Polypyrrole has also been successfully deposited onto polymeric films of ruthenium complexes [387], and has been used as an electrode for the deposition and stripping of mercury [388], As with most conducting polymers, several papers have also appeared on the use of polypyrrole in battery systems (e.g. [327, 389] and Ref. therein). 

Auzias M, Therrien B, Siiss-Fink G, Stepnicka P, Ang WH, Dyson PJ (2008) Ferrocenoyl pyridine arene ruthenium complexes with anticancer properties synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 47 578-583... 

Finally, Scheme 7-16 shows the octahedral structure assigned to two ruthenium complexes, the electrochemistry of which has been recently reported [97],... 

Electrochemistry was performed on ruthenium complex polymers as films on a Pt disk electrode. The cyclic voltammograms showed two quasi-reversible couples attributable to the two one-electron couples per dinuclear DCH-Ru fragment in the polymer. The results are listed in Table I. 

Because of their properties they are widely used in electrochemistry, in electrophotography, as well as in photocatalysis and photochemical water cleavage. Thus Hennig and Rehorek in 1986 reported the sensitization of photochemical reactions by Prussian blue analogues of molybdenum octacyanide, and Kaneko and his group in 1984 found that water can be photolyzed with visible light in presence of Pmssian blue and tris (2, 2 -bipyridine) ruthenium (II) complex. 

Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Paradisi C, et al. Electrochemistry of multicomponent systems, redox series comprising up to 26 reversible reduction processes in polynuclear ruthenium(II) bipyridine-type complexes. J Am Chem Soc 1999 121 10081-91. 

There have been numerous publications concerning electron transfer processes with the participation of macrobicyclic complexes. Moreover, cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes have received the most attention, presumably due to their availability. Several papers deal with electrochemistry of chromium, ruthenium, rhodium, manganese, nickel, iron, and copper complexes. 

The Chapter by R. Adzic, N. Marinkovic and M. Vukmirovic provides a lucid and authoritative treatment of the electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of Ruthenium, a key element for the development of efficient electrodes for polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells. Starting from fundamental surface science studies and interfacial considerations, this up-to-date review by some of the pioneers in this field, provides a deep insight in the complex catalytic-electrocatalytic phenomena occurring at the interfaces of PEM fuel cell electrodes and a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in this extremely important field. 

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