Rutaceae hesperidin

The flavonol glycoside rutin (Figure 4.42) from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Polygo-naceae) and rue (Ruta graveolens Rutaceae), and the flavanone glycoside hesperidin from Citrus... 

Hesperidin (= 3, 5,7-Trihydroxy-4 -methoxyflavanone-7-rutinoside) (flavanone-O-glycoside) Hyssopus, Mentha (Lamiaceae), Citrus spp., Poncirus trifoliata (Rutaceae) ACE (23% inhibition at 300 pM) [76]... 

Lemon Peel. Outer rind of fresh ripe fruit of Citrus limonum (L.) Risso (C. medica var. f/mon L.)p Rutaceae. Habit. Northern India cultivated in California, West Indies, Italy, Spain- Constii. Volatile oil, hesperidin, hitter extractive. 

Orange Peal, Bitter. Dried rind of unripe fruit of Citrus aurantium L, Rutaceae. Habit. N. India cultivated near Mediterranean Sea, Spain, W. Indies, Florida, Califor-nia, etc, Constit. Volatile oil, hesperidine, naringin, auran-(iamarin, acrid resin, gum, tannin. 

There is an obvious connection between crystal chemistry and natural products. Crystals appear in plant material (3,4)—calcium oxalate is extremely common potassium acid tartrate in outer perisperm cells of nutmeg hesperidin and diosmin in cells of many of the Rutaceae calcium carbonate in cells of Cannabinaceae silica in the cells of the sclerenchymatous layer of cardamom seeds. The crystallizing temperature of the solid complex between 1,8-cineoIe and o-cresol forms the basis for official assay of oil of eucalyptus (4). Also worth noting is the fact that alkaloids, particularly brucine, are widely used to resolve optically active acids by diastereoisomer fractional crystallization (5). 

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