Runts

Third, you would. suppose that parallel pumps are identical, that they were manufactured and assembled together. But it is possible that one pump of the pair is the dominant pump and the other is the runt pump. If you start the dominant pump first in the parallel system, and then decide to add the runt pump of the pair, the weaker pump may not be able to open the check valve. The pump operator perceives that the flow meter on the second pump is stuck or broken. This is because the second pump might be dead heading against a closed check valve, maintained that w ay by the dominant pump. If this situation exists, it may re.sult in premature failure of bearings and. seals, leading maintenance and operations personnel thinking that parallel pumps are problematic. 

Xu, R., Manias, E., Snyder, A.J. and Runt, J. 2001. New biomedical poly(urethane uera)-layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34 337-339. 

Williams, G. Dielectric Spectroscopy of Polymeric Materials, J.P. Runt and J.J. Fitzgerald, Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1997, Chapter 1. 

Painter PC, Runt J, Coleman MM, Harrison IR (1977) J Polym Sci - Polym Phys Ed... 

Runte, O. Dissertation, Technische Universitat Munchen, 1977. Cited in ref. 7a. 

Barker, W.H., Jr. and V. Runte. 1972. Tomato juice-associated gastroenteritis, Washington and Oregon, 1969. Amer. Jour. Epidemiol. 96 219-226. 

An increase in the frequency of runts and a greater prenatal and neonatal mortality were found in rats chronically exposed to nickel chloride or nickel sulphate in food or drinking water [423, 424]. When rats were given single (10-30 mg/kg) and repeated (2mg/kg) intramuscular injections of nickel chloride on days 8 or 18 and 6 to 10 of gestation, respectively, no malformations were found, but a reduction in the number of live pups was observed [297],... 

Ziegler, G. R., Creek, J. A., and Runt, J. (2005). Spherulitic crystallization in starch as a model for starch granule initiation. Biomacromolecules 6,1547-1554. 

Both MOZ and MORF have also been linked to control of transcription. In initial analyses, these MYST HATs were found to contain potent trans-activation domains in their C-termini (Champagne et al, 1999 2001). Follow-up studies demonstrated that the two proteins can indeed function as transcriptional co-activators for two Runt-domain transcription factors - Runxl and 2 (also referred to as AMLl 3) (Kitabayashi et al., 2001a Pelletier et al., 2002). Furthermore, MORF has been found in the co-activator complex associated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in rat liver (Surapureddi et al., 2002). 

Figure I. The hetero dimeric Core Binding Factor (CBF) transcription factor is comprised of one of three RUNX family proteins (a snbnnit) and a b-subimit, which is encoded by a single gene. The RUNX proteins contain two conserved and functional domains the runt homology domain (RHD) and the transcription activation domain (TAD). Interactions between the RHD and the hetero dimerization domain (HD) of CBFb are essential for most of the known activities of CBF. Synerigistic activity with a number of different transcription factors is well established.

Tahirov, T. H., Inoue-Bungo, T., Morii, H., Fujikawa, A., Sasaki, M., Kimura, K., Shiina, M., Sato, K., Kumasaka, T., Yamamoto, M., Ishii, S. and Ogata, K. (2001a). Structural analyses of DNA recognition by the AMLl /Runx-1 Runt domain and its allosteric control by CBFp. Cell 104,755-767. 

Kamiya, N. and Ogata, K. (2001c). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analyses of quaternary, ternary and binary protein-DNA complexes with involvement of AMLl/Runx-1/CBFa Runt domain, CBFf and the C/EBPp bZip region. Acta Crystallogr. D57, 850-853. 

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