Rubene

Red mercuric oxide, identical chemically to the yellow form, is somewhat less reactive and more expensive to produce. An important use is ia the Ruben-MaHory dry cell, where it is mixed with graphite to act as a depolarizer (see Batteries). The overall cell reaction is as follows ... 

Naphthacene (benz[b]anthracene, 2,3-benzanthracene, rubene) [92-24-0] M 228.3, m >300 , 341 (open capillary), 349 , 357 . Crystd from EtOH or benzene. Dissolved in sodium-dried benzene and passed through a column of alumina. The benzene was evaporated under vacuum, and the chromatography was repeated using fresh benzene. Finally, the naphthacene was sublimed under vacuum. [Martin and Ubblehode J Chem Soc 4948 7967.] Also recrysts in orange needles from xylene and sublimes in vacuo at 186°. [UV Chem Ber 65 517 1932, 69 607 7956 IR Spectrochim Acta 4 373 7957.]... 

I am deeply grateful to my former colleagues Ruben Alvarez, Heriberto Campand, Norma Galego, Carlos Hernandez, Ricardo Martinez, Jacques Rieumont, and Silvia Prieto for their valuable contributions to the knowledge of furan chemistry and for making my long stay in Cuba such a fulfilling experience. 

William H. Miller (Berkeley, California) Keiji Morokuma (Okazaki, Japan) Joseph Paldus (Waterloo, Canada) Ruben Pauncz (Haifa, Israel)... 

Kozlowski A, Charles SA, Harris JM (2001) Development of pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. BioDrugs 15 419 29 Krown SE, AeppU D, Balfour HH Jr (1999) Phase II, randomized, open-label, community-based trial to compare the safety and activity of combination therapy with recombinant interferon-alpha2b and zidovudine versus zidovudine alone in patients with asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 20 245-254 LaFleur DW, NardeUi B, Tsareva T, Mather D, Feng P, Semenuk M, Taylor K, Buergin M, Chinchilla D, Roshke V, Chen G, Ruben SM, Pitha PM, Coleman TA, Moore PA (2001) Interferon-kappa, a novel type I interferon expressed in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 276 39765-39771... 

Hetherington, L.H., Livingstone, D.R., and Walker, C.H. (1996). Two and one-electron dependant reductive metabolism of nitroaromatics by Mytilus edulis, Carcinus maenas and Asterias rubens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 113, 231-239. 

The inverse INEPT (Bodenhausen and Ruben, 1980) and inverse DEPT (Brooks et ai, 1984) experiments utilize such an approach. In the inverse INEPT experiment, successive 90° pulses are applied to the C nucleus, followed by a H read pulse. Protons not coupled to the C nucleus are suppressed by presaturation of the entire H-NMR spectrum before the polarization transfer, so only those signals will be detected that are generated by polarization transfer from the C nucleus. 

Gustavo Larsen, Edgar Lotero and Ruben D. Parra... 

G. Larsen, E. Lotero, S. N. Raghavan, Ruben D. Parra and C. A. Querini, Appl. Catal. A Gral, in press. 

Rubens, Peter Paul. Paracelsus. IndEng Chem 26, no. 5 (May 1934) 528. 

Recently, Voogt et al. [91] have reported on the d5-pathway in steroid metabolism of Asterias rubens. These workers established the existence of the d5-pathway (Scheme 20), analogous to the pathway found in mammals this conclusion was based on the observation that radiolabeled cholesterol (1) was converted to pregnenolone (112), 17a-hydroxypregnenolone (141), and androstenediol (142). Labeled pregnenolone was converted additionally to progesterone (129). Androstenediol (142) was the main metabolite of de-hydroepiandrosterone (143), a reaction catalyzed by 17/i-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17/1-HSD). The metabolic conversion of androstenedione (131) to testosterone (132) is also mediated by 17/J-HSD and is related to... 

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