Ru III

ACS Symposium Series American Chemical Society Washington, DC, 1980. 

Analogous experiments were carried out using mitochondria as the electron transfer catalyst and succinate as the electron source. While large differences between the aerobic and anaerobic rates of metal complexatlon were also observed In this system, only 1-3% of the metal was coordinated as RuCII) even under relatively forcing conditions C38). 

A partial summary of the results of biological studies performed In collaboration with other laboratories are summarized In Tables II and III. In vitro work on the mutagenic properties of a series of ruthenium compounds has recently been carried out by Yashin, Hlehl and Matthews ( ). Kelman, Edmonds and Feresie have studied the Inhibition of cellular DNA and protein synthesis and were involved In the submission of a number of ruthenium compounds to the NCI for screening in animal tumor systems C )  

The results of the Ames test for mutagenesis Indicate that many ruthenium compounds Introduce serious lesions into cellular genetic material so that an error-prone DNA repair mechanism is Induced. These results are similar to those obtained for clsplatln (M) and suggest that these complexes probably bind directly to nuclear DNA. In concert with this, many of the ruthenium complexes also Inhibit cellular DNA synthesis (H, ), another property also noted for the cls-platlnum drugs. Unfortunately, however, there Is no correlation between either of these studies and the antitumor activity of ruthenium compounds tested In animal systems. 

A high percentage of the compounds tested, which would be expected to function as Ru(III)-prodrugs, have exhibited antitumor activity In rats. An exception to this are those complexes containing blpyrldyl or o-phenanthrollne ligands which strongly stabilize the lower valent state and which 

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Relationships connecting stmcture and properties of primary alkylamines of normal stmcture C, -C gin chloroform and other solvents with their ability to extract Rh(III) and Ru(III) HCA from chloride solutions have been studied. The out-sphere mechanism of extraction and composition of extracted associates has been ascertained by UV-VIS-, IR-, and H-NMR spectroscopy, saturation method, and analysis of organic phase. Tertiary alkylamines i.e. tri-n-octylamine, tribenzylamine do not extract Ru(III) and Rh(III) HCA. The decrease of radical volume of tertiary alkylamines by changing of two alkyl radicals to methyl make it possible to diminish steric effects and to use tertiary alkylamines with different radicals such as dimethyl-n-dodecylamine which has not been used previously for the extraction of Rh(III), Ru(III) HCA with localized charge. 

The method of extraction of Ru(III) from thiocyanate solutions by water soluble extractants in the presence of ammonium sulfate as salting out agent followed by photometric determination of it in extract has been elaborated. 

Method of Rh(III) - Ru(III) separation and isolation them from rai e and nonferrous metals based on formation of different charged complexes with varied stability has been proposed. Possibility of sepai ation of Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Pt(II) by water-soluble extractants from concentrated thiocyanate solutions has been displayed. Accelerated procedures of extraction-photometric determination of Rh(III), Ru(III) in solutions and waste products, which ai e chai acterized by high selectivity, availability, usage of non-toxic extractants have been worked out. 

A number of ruthenium(II) complexes have been prepared. Cole-Hamilton and Stephenson isolated cts-[Ru(Me2dtc)2L2] (L = PPhj, PMe2, Ph, PPhMe2, or P(OPh)3) from Ru(II) and Ru(III) tertiary phosphine and phosphite complexes with NaMe2dtc, and found that they undergo rearrangements (288). 

PdClJ , Rh(III) and Ru(III) act as homogeneous catalysts for reduction of FeClj by molecular hydrogen ° °. The kinetics of all three activation reactions fall into Class I. The Arrhenius parameters are... 

Vinodgopal et al. prepared Pt/Ru bimetallic nanoparticles by sonochemical reduction of Pt(II) and Ru(III) in aqueous solutions. TEM images indicated that sequential reduction of the Pt(II) followed by the Ru(III) produced Pt-core/Ru-shell bimetallic nanoparticles. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), as a stabilizer, the nanoparticles had diameters between 5 and 10 nm. When PVP was used as the stabilizer, the rate of reduction is much faster, giving ultrasmall bimetallic nanoparticles of ca. 5nm diameter [141]. 

Ru(II)-Ru(III) valence distribution, but that there is complete delocalization with formal ruthenium valence 2.5. The ruthenium ions are crystallographically indistinguishable. The intervalence (MMCT) absorption band is at 6400 cm (fimax = 5500M" cm ). 

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