Roughness surface, annealing

The behaviour of 3-4 ML Pd deposits is very striking. The rough surface obtained just after Pd deposition at RT (Fig. 11, left part), structurates after a mild annealing near 500-600K with the occurrence of alignments still oriented... 

Figure 12-18. Degree of contact for a hard spherical indenter pressed into the flat, rough surface of an unconstrained deformable body. The data divide into two classes. Homogeneous solids drawn rod aluminum, bead blasted A cold rolled aluminum, bead blasted cold rolled aluminum, bead blasted and then annealed Ygold, bead blasted and then annealed work-hardened turned copper. Degree of 0.007. Solids with hardened surface layers aluminum, bead blasted. Degree of contact ranged Data by Williamson and Hunt [16].

It was thought that active centres were removed by annealing, i.e. by smoothing an initially rough surface, although other explanations are possible. 

Fifi. 19. Wire and tVaclure surfaces of 23 pm diameter Au wires. Left as-drawn with smooth surface and almost no elongation at rupture. Right annealed at 300°C with rough surface indicating begin of strain localization. 

No. 1 finish. Plate is hot roUed, annealed, pickled, and passivated. This results in a dull, slightly rough surface, suitable for industrial apphcations that generally involve the range of plate thicknesses. 

Fig. 7a, b. PMIM-image of (a) a poly-p-bromostyrene surface [118], (b) a PS/polybutadiene diblock copolymer, PS-b-PB, at approximately 100 fold magnification. The lateral resolution is of the order of 1 pm while the height resolution is of the order of 0.6 nm. The root-mean-square roughness averaged over the area shown is 0.8 nm in (a) close to the resolution limit of the technique. It is much larger (10 nm) in (b) due to the formation of steps after annealing. The scale in z-direction in (a) and (b) is different by a factor of 7... 

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