Roles of nucleotides

Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides fill a variety of metabolic roles. They are the energy currency of the cell. In some cases, they are signaling molecules, acting like hormones directly or as transducers of the information. They provide the monomers for genetic information in DNA and RNA. 

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Shuster TA California State University, Long Beach, CA The roles of nucleotides and divalent cations in normal and degenerating rod outer segments (rd mouse) National Institute of General Medical Sciences... 

Role of Nucleotides for the Function and Conformation of Enzymes, p. 247, Academic, 1969. 

The mechanistic role of nucleotides in directing the growth of IR-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals has been investigated for a range of nucleotides, concentrations, stoichiometries, and temperatures.11... 

Inoue, K., Koizumi, S., and Tsuda, M. (2007). The role of nucleotides in the neuron-glia communication responsible for the brain functions. J. Neurochem. 102, 1447—1458. 

This complexity is due to the central role of nucleotides as energy currency, signaling molecules, and precursors to informational macromolecules in the cell. If the supply of nucleotides becomes limiting, cells couldn t make DNA or RNA, for example. Likewise, cells need to have a balanced supply of nucleotides, because A and T, as... 

Nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, UTP or others have many important physiological functions in cells. Besides the energetic role of nucleotides,... 

Pivotal role of nucleotide P2X2 receptor subunit of the ATP-gated ion channel mediating ventilatory responses to hypoxia. J Neurosci 23 11315-11321. 

Mandelkow, E.-M., G. Lange, A. Jagla, U. Spann E. Mandelkow. 1988. Dynamics of the microtubule oscillator Role of nucleotides and tubulin-MAP interactions. EMBO J. 7 357-65. 

Lord (Alexander R.) Todd (United Kingdom) for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes. Todd laid the foundation for future research in biochemistry, genetics, and biology surrounding the structures and roles of nucleotides in living organisms. He established the chemical structures of nucleotides, and established the (extremely important) role of phosphorylation in biochemical processes. 

Kritsky MS, Telegina TA Role of nucleotide-hke coenzymes in primitive evolution. In Origins genesis, evolution and diversity of life. Edited by Seckbach J. Springer 2004 215-230. 

In addition to the roles of nucleotides and their derivatives and products in intermediary metabolism and in polynucleotide biosynthesis, some nucleotides can also regulate a wide variety of enzyme reactions and metabolic processes in doing so, they are not themselves metabolized in the reaction. For reviews dealing with the vast literature on metabolic regulation, see references 30-32. 

Figure 13.11 Time-resolved x-ray scattering data from solutions of oscillating microtubules. Large peak at left shows total extent of polymerization (oligomers and microtubules) smaller, central peak arises from microtubules. (Reprinted with permission from Mandelkow, E.-M. Lange, G. Jagla, A. Spann, U. Mandelkow, E. 1988. Dynamics of the Microtubule Oscillator Role of Nucleotides and Tubulin-MAP Interactions, EMBO J. 7, 357-365. C) 1988 Oxford University Press,)...

Mandelkow, E.-M. Lange, G. Jagla, A. Spann, U. Mandelkow, E. 1988. Dynamics of the Microtubule Oscillator Role of Nucleotides and Tubulin MAP Interactions, EMBO J. 7, 357-365. 

A major advance in the understanding of the biosynthesis of the glycerophos-phatides was the discovery by Kennedy and Weiss (1956) of the role of nucleotides of cytosine in the biosynthesis of the glycerophosphatides. Cytidine 5 -triphosphate (CTP) was shown to be necessary for the incorporation of phosphorylcholine into lecithin by liver preparations. Similar observations have been reported for brain (McMubbay et al. 1957, Stbickland et al. 1963) and other tissues. The nucleotide requirement is specific for CTP, none of the other nucleoside 5 -triphosphates being active. Kennedy and Weiss (1956) showed that CTP combines with phosphorylcholine to form the intermediate CDP-choline (IV) according to the equation ... 

The role of nucleotide sequences in nucleic acids as a source of information for the synthesis of proteins and cell reduplication. 

Role of Nucleotide Linked Peptides in Biosynthesis Following the analytical method for isolation and identification of nucleotide bound peptides, which was developed by Koningsberger (I960), four different... 

Banerjee, a. B., and S. K. Bose Role of nucleotide linked peptides in the biosynthesis of mycobacillin, a new antifingal peptide. Intern. Congr. Biochem. 6 (7), 441 (I964d). 

FIGURE 3. Final scheme of the hypothetical role of nucleotide binding sites on CF. The contours with interrupted lines represent transitory but short-lived and undetectable state. In the left part of the figure, CFj is supplemented with ATP at a concentration inferior to three times the CF concentration and in the right part at a concentration more than three times the CFj concentration. Mg(N0 )2 is absent in the upper part and present in the lower part of the figure. Hydrolysis of ATP proceeds only in the right part of the scheme. 

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