RNA phosphorothioate

Grunweller A, Wyszko E, Bieber B et al (2003) Comparison of different antisense strategies in mammalian cells using locked nucleic acids, 2 -O-methyl RNA, phosphorothioates and small interfering RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 31 3185-3193... 

Stein D, Foster E, Huang SB, Weller D, Summerton J (1997) A spedfidty comparison of four antisense types morphoUno, 2 -0-methyl RNA, DNA, and phosphorothioate DNA, Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 7 151-157... 

Until recently, the phosphorothioate linkage had been the only modified linkage compatible with SELEX enzymes. But certain modifications at the 2 position, making RNA nuclease resistant, are accepted by polymerases. In particular, 2 -amino- and 2 -fluoro-ribopyrimidines (Figure 6.4) are substrates for the... 

Ueda, T., Tohda, H., Chikazumi, N., Eckstein, F. and Watanabe, K. (1991) Phosphorothioate-containing RNAs show mRNA activity in the prokaryotic translation systems in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 547-552. 

Different structural types of antisense ODN demonstrate different efficacies and specificities in inhibiting targeted mRNA. Stein et al. (60) carried out cell-free translation studies to compare the efficacy and specificity of four antisense structural types DNA, phosphorothioate DNA, 2 -O-methyl RNA, and... 

The stereochemistries of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase, which adds the terminal adenylyl group at the -CCA end of tRNA, and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase were elucidated by Eckstein and associates in a two stage study. The E. coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase study exemplifies their approach. Diastereomer A of ATPaS was copolymerized with UTP using poly(dA-dT)-poly(dA-dT) as the template. The resulting alternating polymer (see Equation 15) was hydrolyzed by ribonuclease A to a cyclic phosphorothioate ... 

---