Ring opening polymerization organocatalytic

Casas J, Persson PV, Iversen T, Cordova A (2004) Direct organocatalytic ring-opening polymerizations of lactones. Adv Synth Catal 346 1087-1089... 

Kamber NE, Jeong W, Waymouth RM, Pratt RC, Lohmeijer BGG, Hedrick JL (2007) Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization. Chem Rev 107 5813-5840... 

Connor EE, Nyce GW, Myers M, Mock A, Hedrick JL (2002) First example of N-heterocyclic carbenes as catalysts for living polymerization organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. J Am Chem Soc 124 914-915... 

Kamber NE, Jeong W, Gonzales S, Hedrick JL, Waymouth RM (2009) N-Heterocyclic carbenes for the organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of a-caprolactone. Macromolecules 42 1634-1639... 

Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization involving lactones, morpholine-2,6-diones, cyclosiloxanes, and oxadisilacyclohexanes as monomers and/or heterocyclic carbenes as catalysts 07CRV5813. 

Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of oxadisilacyclohexanes and cyclosiloxanes 07CRV5813. 

In contrast, here a bifunctional initiator is employed and the polymerization order of the two blocks is inverted In a first step, the styrene block is synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) followed by the addition of lactide via the recently developed organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization, as depicted in Fig. 3.1 [4, 5]. This synthesis route reduces the involved steps and enables a simplified and time-efficient preparation of copolymers with different block compositions. Importantly, both polymerization techniques offer precise and robust control over the copolymer composition, which is an essential requirement to reliably target the double-gyroid s narrow location in phase space [6]. 

Coordination-insertion, anionic, cationic, and nucleophilic polymerization are the most frequently reported controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers in the literature [37, 38]. The coordination-insertion and nucleophilic polymerization are undoubtedly the most efficient and general methods reported so far for the ROP of lactones, with cationic and anionic polymerization being much less investigated. While coordination-insertion polymerization uses metal-alkoxides and related complexes as catalysts, the organocatalytic nucleophilic polymerization is a metal-free approach to ROP. 

Connor, E. F., Nyce, G. W., Mock, A., and Hedrick, J. L., 2002, First Example ofN-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Catalysts for Living Polymerization Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 914-915... 

Csihony S, CuUdn DA, Sentman AC, Dove AP, Waymouth RM, Hedrick JL. 2005. Single-Component Catalyst/Initiators for the Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide. J Am Chem Soc 127 9079-9084. 

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