Riedel

Economic Aspects. Malonic acid is produced by Juzen and Tateyama in Japan as well as Lonza Ltd. in Switzedand and Riedel-De Haen Ltd. in Germany. It costs around 30/kg (1993) for shipments of one to two dmms. 

The main suppHers and manufacturers of polymethine dyes are Aldrich Chemical Company, Eastman Organic Chemicals (U.S.), Japanese Institute for Photosensitizing Dyes, NK Dyes (Japan), Riedel deHaen (Germany), Institute of Organic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences (Ukraine), and NIIKhim-EotoProekt (Russia). 

M. SchiaveUo, ed., Thotocatalysis and Environment, Trends and Applications, Vol. 237C, D. Riedel, Dordrecht, Boston, 1984. 

The Riedel method requires the critical temperature (T ), critical pressure (P ), and acentric factor (co) of the compound as given by Eqs. (2-12) and (2-13). if the gas constant is in Pa-mVkmole-K, the critical volume will be in mVkmole. 

For purposes of the API Technical Data Book (Daubert and Danner S), another modified Riedel equation (2-29) was chosen and found to fit hydrocarbon data well over the entire pressure range. Coefficients are given for several hundred hydrocarbons. 

Both Riedel and Wagner regressions usually fit data within a few tenths of a percent over the entire range between the triple point and the critical point. 

Liquid viscosity is accurately correlated as a function of temperature by the modified Riedel equation previously discussed for correlation of vapor pressure and shown by Eq. (2-96). 

Turning now to other types of ceramic fibre, the most important material made by pyrolysis of organic polymer precursors is silicon carbide fibre. This is commonly made from a poly(diorgano)silane precursor, as described in detail by Riedel (1996) and more concisely by Chawla (1998). Silicon nitride fibres are also made by this sort of approach. Much of this work originates in Japan, where Yajima (1976) was a notable pioneer. 

Chloroform HPLC solvent hydrocarbon stabilized GR LiChrosolv for analysis Chromasolv ethanol, 0.5 to 1% amylene, 0.01 to 0.02% ethanol, 0.6 to 1.0% amylene ethanol, ca. 1% amylene Baker Baker Merck Merck RiEDEL-de Haen RiEDEL-de Haen... 

Riedel-deHaen, See Sigma-Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH (Germany)... 

Filter-pump, 44 Filtration through cloth, 131 under reduced pressure, 43 with fluted filter, 53 "Fischer s ester method, 133 Fluorescein, 187 Fluted filter, 53 Formic acid, 106 Fractional distillation, 136 Fractionating columns, 137 Freezing-point method, 32 I -riedel-Crafis reaction, 210 furnace, combustion, 4 tube, 23 ... 

An old and satisfactory method is the Riedel synthesis in which o-nitrobenzaldehyde is converted to its bisformaraido derivative followed by reductive cyclization with zinc and acetic acid, or with iron and hydrochloric acid. This synthesis has been used to make... 

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