Ribonuclease, unfolding/refolding

Panick, G., Winter, R. Pressure-induced unfolding/refolding of ribonuclease A static and kinetic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study, Biochem. 39 (2000) 1862-1869. 

A. Rehage and F. X. Schmid, Fast- and slow-refolding forms of unfolded ribonuclease A differ in tyrosine fluorescence, Biochemistry 21, 1499-1505 (1982). 

F. X. Schmid, R. Grafl, A. Wrba, and J. J. Beintema, Role of proline peptide bond isomerization in unfolding and refolding of ribonuclease, Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A. 83, 872-876 (1986). 

The protein folding problem remains one of the major challenges of biostructural research. The unfolding and refolding experiments by Anfinsen [1] demonstrated that the entire information for the three-dimensional structure of ribonuclease is contained within its amino acid sequence. Since then, this principle has been confirmed for a variety of other proteins. However, theoretical methods currently available still do not allow us to predict the topology of a protein from its amino acid sequence, let alone its precise three-dimensional structure. 

Lin, L. N., and Brandts, J. F. (1988). Separation of the nativeUke intermediate from unfolded forms during refolding of ribonuclease A, Biochemistry 27, 9037-9042. 

To understand the way by which reduced and unfolded proteins refold and reoxidize, one must first consider the structural organization of the studied proteins and the location of disulfide bridges in the structures. This could be helpful in analyzing how the noncovalent interactions can direct the reformation of disulfide bridges. The refolding of unfolded and reduced proteins has been extensively studied only for a small number of proteins (e.g., ribonuclease, lysozyme, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, serine proteases). Figure 5.7 shows the structure of these proteins. Their structural... 

This first model of nucleation-propagation was forsaken after new studies on refolding of heat-unfolded ribonuclease showed that the fast reaction yields native enzyme as well as the slow one does (Garel and Baldwin 1973, 1975a,b Hagerman and Baldwin, 1976 Nall and Baldwin, 1977). A new model was established after consideration of the following facts ... 

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