Rhodium-xantphos catalyst system

The above studies still left open the possibility of two steps that could be rate determining alkene coordination or insertion in the rhodium hydride bond. To this end, the rate-determining step in the hydroformylation of 1-octene, catalyzed by the rhodium-xantphos catalyst system, was determined using a combination of experimentally determined H/ H and kinetic isotope effects and a theoretical... 

Rhodium nanoparticles were used as catalyst precursors for the solventless hydroformylation of 1-alkenes. Linear/branched selectivities up to 25 were achieved by adding xantphos to the catalyst system [46]. 

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