Rhodium carbonyl catalyst, ligand-free

IR studies on Ligand-free Rhodium Carbonyl Catalysts 237... 

IR studies of ligand-free rhodium carbonyl catalysts... 

Union Carbide Corporation was working on a low-pressure hydroformylation process as early as 1967, and used a rhodium carbonyl catalyst modified with a triphenyl phosphine ligand. " The ligand dramatically improved the normal/iso-aldehyde ratio of the product when compared to the free metal carbonyl. Reduced operating temperatures and pressures, low by-product formation, and the elimination of metallic rhodium deposition were also achieved. By 1975, a plant was operating using this catalyst, and the process was being licensed for the hydroformylation of propylene. 

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