Review of Basic Thermodynamic Relations

These definitions must be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics given by Eq. 6.3, and thus the second law imposes conditions on Eqs. 6.4 and 6.5. These conditions 

Equation 6.7 is one of the Gibbs-Duhem relations. Substituting for dH from Eq. 6.6 in the equation obtained by differentiating both sides of Eq. 6.5, we can show that 

G is the product of molar concentration of a component participating in the reaction and its chemical potential. 

The thermodynamic potentials G, H, S, and U are further supplemented by properties of the system that are measurable. These are given by the following specific heat at constant 

For CBPCs, we deal with solids and liquids for which both a and Kj- are very small. Therefore, both of these parameters are negligible in most of our discussions. 

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