Reverse osmosis , basic principles

Membrane Filtration. Membrane filtration describes a number of weU-known processes including reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, microfiltration, and electro dialysis. The basic principle behind this technology is the use of a driving force (electricity or pressure) to filter... 

Not all membranes and membrane structures are covered by the classification given in figure III - 1. This approach is used for the sake of simplicity so chat the basic principles can be understood more readily. There is distinct transition from one type to the other. Reverse osmosis membranes, for example, can be considered as being intermediate between porous and nonporous membranes. 

Basic Principle of Reverse Osmosis If a salt (consisting of v ions) completely dissociates in solution with water, the osmotic pressure (Figure 3.3.64) is related to the molar concentration of the ions (mol m ) by... 

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