Reverse factoring

Matts, R. L., Levin, D. H., and London, I. M. (1983). Effect of phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 on the function of reversing factor in the initiation of protein synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 2559—2563. 

Furthermore, the expression and function of the Pgp can be modulated by indirect mechanisms, such as interactions with membrane lipids [67] or inhibition of protein kinase C. The reversal of MDR is established using tumor cells lines that are made resistant by the exposure to an anticancer agent or by transfection of the mdrl or mrpl genes. The parameter most widely used to show the activity of MDR reversal agents is reversal factor (RF). This type of assay assumes that the reversal agent does not show inherent cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. 

The role of the nephrologist in CKD is to (1) identify the cause of kidney disease, (2) treat reversible factors, (3) reduce rate of progression of CKD, and (4) deal with complications of CKD, Finally, as kidney function fads, the patient should enter an RRT program in a good general condition with suitable access for dialysis, educated and psycho-sociaUy prepared for ongoing treatment. 

The treatment of hyperphosphatemia should be directed at the correction of reversible factors, treatment of the disease states associated... 

Schols AM, et al. Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1998 157(6Pt 1) 1791-1797. 

The pricing of a European spread option requires the distribution of the credit spread at the maturity (T) of the option. The choice of model affects the probability assigned to each outcome. The mean reversion factor reflects the historic economic features overtime of credit spreads, to revert to the average spreads after larger than expected movements away from the average spread. 

Although the cyclic voltammograms appear to be irreversible, they should not be. In the case of a totally irreversible system, we cannot expect to determine the reduction potential. To understand this apparent anomaly more fully, a study of the reversibility of the system was performed. The electrochemical current corresponds to the difference between the rate of the forward electron transfer kf[Bi2a] and its rate kb[Bi2a] for the reverse process. The reversibility factor f, for the methylcobalamin system is described as follows ... 

Figure 6-4 The relationship of the reversibility factor f, and the heterogeneous charge transfer constant k°. The concentrations of the electroactive species in the electrode surface were evaluated at the peaks of cyclic voltammogram by digital simulation with E° = — 1.529 V, a = 0.78, and D = 1.8 x 10 cmVs at — 30°C. The reversibility factor /, was calculated through Equation (1). (a) 300mV/s, = 590s (b) 50mV/s,...

Figure 6-5 The relationship of the reversibility factor and the apparent transfer coefficient a,pp. The solid point represents the simulation and fitting result, then estimated through Equation (2). (Adapted from Reference 3.)...

Schols AM, Slangen J, Volovics L, et al. Weight loss is a reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 157 1791-1797. Sivasothy P, Smith IE, Shneerson JM. Mask intermittent positive pressure ventilation in chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 1998 11 34-40. 

Klapper, L., Vittas, D. (2003). The use qf reverse factoring. Washington, DC World Bank. 

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