Return loss

Calculate the tube-side pressure drop. (Use Figure 10-139 for the end return losses. For water in tubes, use Figure 10-138 for tube losses. For other liquids and gases in tubes, use Figure 10-137. 

In LP steam boiler systems, this problem of uncontrolled or excessive water or condensate return loss also occurs. It may be uncontrolled perhaps because of leaking steam traps or excessive as a result of too frequent or prolonged BD. Irrespective of the basic cause, it is necessary to obtain an accurate assessment of materials balance as a first step in understanding the magnitude of the problem and providing resolution. 

The pressure drop of return losses, psi using Frank s [13] correlation is ... 

FIGURE 8.4 (a) Geometry of a dual-polarized circular patch antenna and (b) its return loss for port 2... 

A/7 instead of the A,/120 for the second-order case that corresponds to a 132 x 258 x 46 (91% larger) mesh. Figure 8.7(b) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna and Figure 8.8(a) gives the return loss for the single-element and various 2x1 setups, comparing the results with those... 

FIGURE 8.8 (a) Return loss and (b) AR and gain versus frequency for the single-element and several 2x1 circular patch array realizations... 

FIGURE 8.10 (a) Input impedance for the two equilateral-triangular microstrip antennas, (b) Optimum return loss frequency /rl and AR frequency /ar for different values of lengths h and g, concerning the 6 -inclined antenna... 

FIGURE 8.14 (a) Return loss of a full, half, and one-quarter elliptical DRA. (b) Global error versus time for three PML implementations... 

Encapsulating available knowledge into parametric models for electrical performance at radio frequencies (RF) enables the designer to predict insertion loss, return loss (reflection), and insertion phase and delay of the MEMS switch without time-consuming full-wave analysis in the same environment as used for the initial electromechanical analysis. 

Another important parameter that correlates the absorption characteristics with the relative permeability and permittivity for a given frequency and absorber thickness is return loss (R ) that can be expressed as [2,17,33,35,82,87] ... 

The return loss and insertion loss in the actuated state are 20 dB and 0.2 dB at 20 GHz. It is evident from S-parameters that in the actuated state, the diamond bridge... 

In the non-actuated state of the actuator, the inductor represents a high impedance state which translates into a high inductance value. When the bridges are actuated, the contact pads make a DC short with the transmission lines, leading to low impedance and in turn a low inductance state. The inductors were measured in the frequency range of 1-30 GHz in the same setup as that of the RF switches. Figure 12.18 shows the insertion loss and the return loss of the tunable inductor in the non-actuated and the actuated state of the diamond bridge. 

Table 3. Associated parameters (in Decibels) for the prototype 4-port optical circulator with wavelength 1300 nm Return losses Insertion losses < Isolations.

Input impedance, reflection coefficient, and return loss... 

The reflection coefficient (coinciding with the single-port 5-parameter of the antenna 5n) represents the fraction of the injected power that is being reflected at the TX antenna terminals, caused by impedance mismatch between the generator and the antenna. Often, in practice, the equivalent parameter, called return loss (in dB), is used, defined as the inverse of the magnimde of the reflection coefficient, expressed in dB ... 

The reflection coefficient and return loss are, in general, a function of the frequency. A typical design criterion requires that the reflection coefficient satisfies r = 5ii < —10 dB, for fi less than 10% of the power injected at the antenna terminals may be reflected, over the frequency band fL,fH -... 

---