Resistivity dynamic scattering

In nematic materials with negative dielectric anisotropy and electrical resistivity less than 1-2 X 10 ohm-cm, conduction-induced fluid flow occurs during the application of an applied voltage. The wide-angle forward-scattering phenomenon known as dynamic. scatter-ing 9,60 ig most important manifestation of the turbulence that... 

The effect of temperature on resistance can be deduced by considering the effect of temperature on these two resistance mechanisms, that is, the collision of electrons with phonons and with imperfections in the crystal lattice. The first is a dynamic scattering mechanism, the second, static. As in the case of thermal conductivity, these scattering mechanisms can be considered reasonably independent, permitting the electrical resistivity p to be approximated by... 

Viscosity, defined as the resistance of a liquid to flow under an applied stress, is not only a property of bulk liquids but of interfacial systems as well. The viscosity of an insoluble monolayer in a fluid-like state may be measured quantitatively by the viscous traction method (Manheimer and Schechter, 1970), wave-damping (Langmuir and Schaefer, 1937), dynamic light scattering (Sauer et al, 1988) or surface canal viscometry (Harkins and Kirkwood, 1938 Washburn and Wakeham, 1938). Of these, the last is the most sensitive and experimentally feasible, and allows for the determination of Newtonian versus non-Newtonian shear flow. 

It should be noted here that the conclusion about s-wave nature of the SC order parameter is consistent with conclusion about s-wave symmetry of the SC order parameter in the bulk and d-wave symmetry at the surface of the sample of the cuprates [17]. It was noted in [17] that most conclusions about d-wave symmetry was obtained in experiments (e.g. ARPES ones) on the cuprates in which mainly surface phenomena have been used. In this sense, the resistive measurements on the cuprates (see, e.g. [4]) are essentially bulk in the nature. In addition, the electron scattering (in resistivity measurements) is sensitive to the spin disorder in the system (magnetic contribution in the electrical resistivity appears, see Sec.l). Moreover, the electron scattering permits probe not only static magnetic order but dynamical (short-lived) ones because of short characteristic times as compared e.g. with usual neutron scattering. 

Fig. 6 Basic characterization and transfection activities of PEG-PLL/pDNA micelle, a Size distribution of the PIC micelle (PEG-PLL (12-48)/pDNA, charge ratio 1.0) obtained from histogram analysis of dynamic light scattering (DLS). b Nuclease resistance as a function of PLL length evaluated by an increase in absorbance at 260 nm by the addition of DNase I in 10 mM tris-HCL buffer, pH 7.4 (i) Native DNA+ 11 U DNase I, (ii) PEG-PLL12-7/DNA complex + 110 U DNase I, (iii) PEG-PLL12-19/DNA complex+ 110 U DNase I, (iv) PEG-PLL12-42/DNA complex + 110 U DNase I), c Charge ratio dependency of transfection activity of PIC micelles with varying compositions (12-7, 12-19, 12-48) against 293 cells (n = 4, S.D. + 100 p.M HCQ). d Influence of preincubation with serum on transfection activity of PIC micelles (12-48, r = 2), polyplex (PLL/pDNA, r = 2), and lipoplex system (LipofectAMINE/pDNA complex). The preincubation of these complexes in 20% serum was done for 30 min prior to transfection ( = 4 SD). (Fig. 6a,c,d Reprinted with permission from [87] and Fig. 6b from [81])...

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