Resistance to third- and fourth-generation pesticides

The naive notion that insects would not be resistant to third- and fourth-generation insecticides (which rely on interference of hormone or pheromone function) was challenged first by Dyte (1972), who described populations of Tribolium castaneum that were cross-resistant to juvenile hormones. 

Cleavage of the protoxin by peptidases in the insect gut in order to produce the active toxin 

Passage through the chitinous tube within the midgut, which separates the bulk food from the lining epithelium of the gut (the per-itrophic membrane) 

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Resistance to older biocides used as pesticides Resistance to third- and fourth-generation pesticides How to delay development of resisfance 9.4.1 Refuge strategy... 

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