Reservoirs maintaining height

As the natural pressures in the reservoir decrease, oil production declines. The oil well may then be placed on-pump to maintain production at economic levels. The pump draws oil to the surface and lowers the height of the fluid column ia the wellbore. The pressure of a column of fluid can decrease the rate of fluid entry into the wellbore. 

Example 10.10 The theory of the hydraulic drop serves to determine the capacity of a flume leading from a reservoir. Consider a rectangular flume 15 ft wide, built of unplaned planks (n = 0.014), leading from a reservoir in which the water surface is maintained constant at a height of 6 ft above the bed of the flume at entrance. The flume slopes 1 ft in its length of 1000 ft, and the depth at the downstream end is held constant at 4 ft by some control further downstream. The flume is then said to be submerged. Assuming an entrance loss of 0.2Vi/2g, find the capacity. 

Figure 1.4-2 A simple deadweight pressure tester. (The purpose of the oil reservoir and the system volume adjustment is to maintain equal heights of the oil column in the cylinder and gauge sections, so that no cotrections for the height of the liquid column need be made in the pressure calibration.)...

Tube c and the one-neck Woulfe flask b are filled with water and the apparatus Is assembled as quickly as possible. All rubber stoppers and tubing should be held In place with clamps or wires. Then, Og-free hydrogen Is Introduced via e imtll the entire apparatus Is under a gage pressure of 0.5 atm. This pressure Is then maintained while stirring at such a rate that the catalyst Is fluidized to a height of 18-20 cm. above the bottom of tube c and the wash water flow rate from b Is 250 ml./mln. When the water reservoir b Is nearly empty, stopcocks g and a (the latter Is connected to a lai e pressurized water reservoir) are simultaneously opened, and b Is replenished at the same rate as water runs out at g (the flow rate Is checked by a differential manometer). 

The steam stripping tower is 7 ft high by 1 ft diameter and contains baffles in the top half. Leach liquor flows down the tower against a counter-current flow of steam. A liquid level is maintained at a height of about 2 ft, and from this reservoir at the base of the tower the liquor and suspended uranium precipitate and pass to a filter. 

It is necessary that the sample to be applied reachs the surface of the column below the top layer of the solvent. This can be achieved by sucking the top layer of the solvent out and then carefully pipetting the sample on to the column surface. The sample is allowed to just run into the colunm. Solvent is then added to the colunm to a height of 5-10 cm. The colunm is then cormected to a suitable reservoir which contains more solvent, so that the height of the solvent in the column can be maintained to a height of 5-10 cm. An alternative and better method is to mix the sample with sucrose or ficoll to a concentration of about 1% to increase sample density. The sample now sinks below the top layer of the solvent to the surface of the... 

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