Reserved Hazard Analysis

Plant Hazard Analysis and Safety Instrumentation Systems. http //dx.doLorg/10.10l6/B978-0 12 803763-8.00004-2 Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc. AH rights reserved. 

Job Hazard Analysis. htlpV/dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803441-5.00002-7 Copyri t 2016 Elsevier Inc. AH rights reserved. 

Job Hazard Analysis. http //dzalai.orgH0.101( /B97 d)-12.S03441-5.00007. Copyright 2016 Elsevier bic. All rights reserved. 

Job Hazard Analysis hllp //dx.dau)rgll0.1016/B978-0-12-803441-5.00027-1 Copyright 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 

Having been involved with the PSM implementation process multiple times, we can state without reservation that it is a difficult but doable undertaking. In our experience, after process safety information is gathered, the most difficult PSM element to complete is the process hazard analysis (PHA). When done correctly, the PHA is a painstaking process that requires a certain amount of expertise, attention to detail, and considerable thought by those involved in the study. 

Representative samples of each shipment must be collected for testing as required by 211.84. (b). The number of containers to be sampled depends on the (i) component variability, (ii) confidence level, (iii) degree of precision desired, (iv) past quality history of the supplier, and (v) quantity needed for analysis and reserve samples. For hazardous or highly toxic raw materials, where on-site testing may be impractical, suppliers COA should be obtained, showing that the raw materials conform to specifications. In addition, the identity of these raw materials should be confirmed by examination of containers and labels. The lack of on-site testing for hazardous raw materials should be documented. 

In 1987, PCB concentrations in the worlq)lace air of unspecified PCB disposal facilities in the United States ranged from 850 to 4,000 ng/m in 95 of the 96 air samples collected for analysis, PCB concentrations exceeded the NIOSH-recommended exposure limit of 1,000 ng/m (Bryant et al. 1989 NIOSH 1992). The average PCB concentration (Aroclors 1242 and 1260) emitted from gas vents at a hazardous waste landfill in North Carolina was 126,000 ng/m (Lewis et al. 1985). The maximum total PCB concentration detected in air samples collected at Raquette Point within the Mohawk Nation Reservation at Akwesasne, New York (adjacent to a Superfund site) was 50 ng/m (ATSDR 1995). 

Fault tree analysis, expecially quantitative or detailed analysis, can be very tedious and time-consuming and thus very expensive. It should be reserved for extremely high hazard situations. 

---