Reporter Molecules and Labeled Probes

The latter task usually involves the use of reporter molecules and labeled probes. 

Indirect method in which the probe-target hybrid detected by affinity cytochemistry when hapten-labeled probes are used. Different haptens such as, biotin, fluorescein and digoxigenin are used as reporter molecules and can be recognized by speciflc antibodies. 

The acidity probes discussed above are the most commonly used. However, the use of many different probes has been reported in the literature. This list includes nitriles, alkanes, amines, water, di-hydrogen, deuterium, isotopically labeled molecules, benzene, etc. Probe molecules can also be used to measure basicity on zeohtes. In this case, weakly acidic molecules such as CO2, pyrrole, acetic acid and halogenated light paraffins have been used. Space does not permit discussion of these in any detail, but information about these probes and their applications can be found in the following references [87, 127-130]. 

All these definitions follow the generally widespread meaning that isotope labeling is the most important one (or at least the most widely u ) and that a covalent bond is necessary for the attachment of a label (reporter molecule, detector, probe, marker, tracer, i.e. other terms having the mining label which can be found in literature). 

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