Renin release from macula densa

Control of renin release from the Icidney is influenced by (1) specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubules called the macula densa function as cliemoreceptors for the concentration of sodium delivered to the distal tubules (2) juxtaglomerular cells functioning as mini pressure transducers sense the renal perfusion pressure in the kidney (3) the sympathetic nervous system that feeds the kidney and catecholamine release and (4) humoral factors such as potassium, atrial natriuretic peptides, and angiotensin II. All of these influences are involved in the normal control of salt and water balance and with diseases of the kidney. Secondary... 

Although a change in NaCl transport is a key modulator, regulation of the macula densa pathway pathway depends more on the luminal concentration of Ct than Na. Physiological changes in Ct concentrations (e.g., from 20 to 60 mEq/L) at the macula densa profoundly affect macula densa—mediated renin release. 

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