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Relationship between Structure and Thermodynamic Stability for Hydrocarbons

Relationship between Structure and Thermodynamic Stability for Hydrocarbons [Pg.256]

Extensive thermodynamic data are available for the major classes of hydrocarbons. Table 3.1 gives data for the C4-C6 and Cj alkanes and the C4-C6 alkenes, and several general relationships become apparent. One is that chain branching increases the stability of alkanes. This relationship is clear, for example, in the data for the Cg alkanes, with a total enthalpy difference of nearly 4kcal/mol between the straight-chain hexane and the tetra-substituted 2,2-dimethylbutane. There is a similar range of 4.5kcal/mol between the least stable (octane) and most stable [Pg.256]

2-methyl-2-pentene 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene AHf° = -23.5 kcal/mol AH,° = -24.3 kcal/mol [Pg.257]

These relationships are a result of the stabilizing effect of branching and double-bond substitution and hold quite generally, except when branching or substitution results in van der Waals repulsions (see Section 2.3), which have a destabilizing effect. [Pg.257]




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