Regulatory authorities review mechanisms

Authority to make inspections, review and copy documents, and take samples and collect other evidence Ability to enforce requirements and to remove products found in violation of such requirements from the market Substansive manufacturing requirements Accountability of the regulatory authority Inventory of current products and manufacturers System for maintaining or accessing inspection reports, samples and other analytical data, and other firm/product information Mechanisms in place to assure appropriate professional standards and avoidance of conflicts of interest Administration of the regulatory authority... 

Many different mechanisms to mediate heavy metal resistance in prokaryotes exist, and have been carefully reviewed elsewhere (Ralston and O Halloran 1990 O Halloran 1993). In eukaryotes, this job is done by metallothioneins which sequester heavy metal ions and make them unavailable to exert toxic effects (reviewed by Hamer 1986 Andrews 1990). In this regard, heme-hepoxin induces both heme oxygenase and MT expression in human promyelocytic leukaemia cells and mouse hepatoma cells (Alam et al. 1989). The authors suggest that MT may sequester the nontoxic metal zinc, which would otherwise compete with Fe for occupation of sites on Fe-dependent regulatory proteins such as the IRE-BP. Thus, it is possible that sequestration of metals by MT could mediate, not only the direct toxic effect of such metals (reviewed in Chap. 1, this volume), but... 

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