Regularity characteristics, atomic clusters

Crystal is a matter constituted by atoms (ions, molecules or atom clusters) ranked periodically in three-dimensional space, otherwise it is called amorphous matter. In fact, there is no strict limit between crystal and amorphous one, because the difference between amorphous and crystal can be considered as the repetitive times of periodicity—from less to more causing quantitative change to quahtative change in the process, but once the formation the crystal with internal structme ranked in rules, it displays a series of different characteristics unlike that of amorphous matters. Solid crystals possess regular polyhedral shape, symmetry of a crystal shape, with the anisotropy for electricity, heat, light, and constant melting point and so on. 

Different topologies can result in the preparation of polymer-embedded metal clusters. To prepare materials characterized by the properties of surface atoms or with characteristics coming from the confinement effect, a contact-free dispersion of clusters must result in the polymer matrix, since only in this case the large amount of surface atoms present allows the surface properties of matter to prevail on that of bulk. Both regular (eg, imiaxially oriented pearl-necklace type of arrays of nanoparticles) and irregular metal cluster distributions are used in technological applications. 

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