Regenerated nitrogen ammonium regeneration

With concentrated nitric acid, thiotrithiazyl chloride yields thiotrithiazyl nitrate, N3S4.NOa.7 Like nitrogen sulphide, with dilute aqueous alkali it yields sulphite and thiosulphate.8 When thiotrithiazyl chloride is boiled with alcohol and the resulting solution treated with a few drops of alcoholic potash, an intense violet-red coloration is produced. Ammonia gas is rapidly absorbed by the dry compound, which then explodes violently after a few minutes. If thiotrithiazyl chloride is suspended in chloroform and submitted to the action of a stream of ammonia gas, the liquid becomes orange-red ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphide are produced and nitrogen sulphide is regenerated.0... 

The glutamine synthase reaction is important in several respects. First, it produces glutamine, one of the 20 major amino acids. Second, in animals, glutamine is the major amino acid found in the circulatory system. Its role is to carry ammonia to and from various tissues, but principally from peripheral tissues to the kidney, where the amide nitrogen is hydrolysed by the enzyme glutaminase (reaction below) this process regenerates glutamate and free ammonium ion, which is excreted in the urine. 

Table 8.2 Summary of published rates of ammonium (NH +) regeneration and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) release from Nj fixers in the field in the light. The standard deviations were calculated using propogation of error. 

Gilbert, P. M., Dennett, M. R., and Caron, D. A. (1988). Nitrogen uptake and ammonium regeneration by pelagic microplankton and marine snow from the North Adanric. J. Mar. Res. 46, 837—852. 

La Roche, J. (1983). Ammonium regeneration its contribution to phytoplankton nitrogen requirements in a eutrophic environment. Mar. Biol. 75, 231—240. 

Varela, M. M., Barquero, S., Bode, A., Femadez, E., Gonzalez, N., Teira, E., and Varela, M. (2003a). Microplanktonic regeneration of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen in the upwelhng area of the NW of Spain Relationships with dissolved organic carbon production and phytoplankton size structure. J. Plankton Res. 25(7), 719—736. 

Dudek, N., Brzezinski, M. A., and Wheeler, P. A. (1986). Recovery of ammonium nitrogen by solvent extraction for the determination of relative abundance in regeneration experiments. Mar. Chem. 18, 59-69. 

CoUos, Y., Vaquer, A., Bibent, B., Souchu, P., Slawyk, G., and Garcia, N. (2003). Response of coastal phytoplankton to ammonium and nitrate pulses seasonal variations of nitrogen uptake and regeneration. Aquat. Ecol. 37, 227—236. 

Figure 6 Microbial transformations of the nitrogen cycle. Pathways depicted are 1—N2 fixation 2—DIN assimilation 3—ammonium regeneration 4—nitrification 5—nitrate/nitrite reduction and 6—denitrification.

Glutamate, which now contains the nitrogen atom of the former amino acid, next undergoes an oxidative deamination to yield ammonium ion and regenerated a-ketoglutarate. The oxidation of the amine to an imine is mechanistically similar to the oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone and is carried out by NAD. The imine is then hydrolyzed in the usual way. ... 

Although the effeet of heat treatment of the phosphate is a decrease in ion exchange capacity (14, 22, 123, 560), the hydrogen form of the exchanger was successfully regenerated from the ammonium form by thermal decomposition of the ammonium ion in a nitrogen atmosphere (19). With a fiow rate of 12 liters/hour it was possible to achieve a 90% decomposition in 10 hours at 260°C with only 6% pyrophosphate condensation. 

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