Refractories Firing

Refractories, Fire Brick-Specialties, Uses in Industrial Importance,The Refractories Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1975. 

NonmetaUic minerals (bricks, glass, cement, and other refractories) Firing, kilning, drying, calcining, melting, forming... 

Pyroscat [Premier Refractories] Fire retardant cement. 

Rational Analysis Particle Size Distribution Critical Moisture Content Dry Strength Defiocculation Refractoriness Firing Shrinkage Vitrification. . ... 

Direct-Flame Incinerators. In direct-flame incineration, the waste gases are heated in a fuel-fired refractory-lined chamber to the autoignition temperature where oxidation occurs with or without a visible flame. A fuel flame aids mixing and ignition. Excess oxygen is required, because incomplete oxidation produces aldehydes, organic acids, carbon monoxide, carbon soot, and other undesirable materials. 

High purity CA cements are primarily used as binders for high strength refractory castables to form linings up to about 1.0 m thick, as, for example, in iron blast furnaces. Since the 1970s, large monolithic precast CAC castable shapes have found increased usage in a variety of specialty fired shapes that are too expensive to be inventoried. 

Refractory Magnesite, 92% MgO Magnesite—chrome, CB CB Fired Forsterite, stabih2ed Chrome, fired 90% 70%... 

CB = chemically bonded (not fired) one or both materials not sufficiendy refractory for test. Ref. 34. 

The zinc is normally melted in a gas, oU, or coal-fired reverberatory furnace with a capacity up to 100 tons or in a low frequency induction furnace with a capacity of a few tons. The more highly aUoyed compositions are more effectively melted and mixed in low frequency induction furnaces. The furnace must be refractory-lined to eliminate iron pickup by the molten metal. The metal temperature is maintained below 500°C to minimize loss by oxidation. A ladle is used to transfer the metal for casting into molds the pouring temperature is usuaUy ca 440°C. Zinc scrap is not generaUy suitable for remelting because it may contain undesirable impurities. 

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