Reflectance Spectra of Fluorescent Samples

The intensities of diffuse reflectance and fluorescence are both distributed over the solid angle according to Lambert s cosine-law. An ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS)- 

The most recommendable geometry of measuring reflectance correctly and gently is that of fluorimeters with two monochromators (light source — monochromator  

The propagation of light in multiple scattering media is quantified usually on the level of radiative transfer or particle diffusion. Scattering, absorption, and emission are considered as independent statistical processes, and the consequences of wave character are either ignored, like polarization, or added as an additional parameter, like the phase function P(ji n) that describes the angular distribution of scattered 

In principle, Eq. (8.1) can be applied only for small scattering centers with small scattering cross sections. For extended centers (e.g., a cell, a glass ball) with high scattering cross section, Eq. (8.1) has to be replaced by 

Under an extended area of irradiation, Tc is only a function of z. Under spot irradiation the lateral coordinates also have to be treated as variables. For simplicity we use cylindrical Gaussian profiles and //o = 1. Then 

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