Reductive evolution

Gattrell G, MacDougall B. 2003. Reaction mechanisms of the O2 reduction/evolution reaction. In Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger HA. editors. Handbook of Euel Cells— Eundamentals, Technology and Applications. Volume 2. Chichester Wiley. 

Andersson, S.G. and Kurland, C.G (1998) Reductive evolution of resident genomes. 

Because Rlil homologs have been found only in archaebacteria (reviewed in Tachezy and Dolezal 2007), it is hypothesized that Rlil and other components of cytosolic translation machinery are derived from them. Therefore, we propose that the intimate association of the relic mitochondrion, of eubacterial origin, with its associated membranes is a structural reflection of the cell s attempt to facilitate efficient ribosome biogenesis and translation initiation following reductive evolution of the organelle (Keeling 2004 ... 

In general, finding efficient electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction/evolution system is much more demanding than for the H2 oxidation/evolution system. One reason is the much stronger chemisorption of O atoms on metals, in general, which leads easily to surface or bulk oxide formation. 

M. Gattrell, B. MacDougall, Reaction mechanisms of the O2 reduction/evolution reaction, in Handbook of Fuel Cells, Electrocatalysis, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 2003, Vol. 2. 

Fig. 3 shows EELS spectra near the C-0 stretch region of Ni/Mn0x catalyst reduced at 500 K for zero and 10 minutes followed by 2x10 L CO exposure. With no reduction, the major C-0 stretch is located at 1900 cm"l, with a shoulder around 2040 cm V These features are quite representative of CO chemisorption on Ni (6) and are assigned to CO chemisorbed on two-fold and on-top sites respectively. However, after 10 minutes of reduction, evolution of a new peak at 1750 cm lis apparent. From the correlation of the appearance of these features and Mn Auger signals, it is clear that these new C-0 bands are due to CO chemisorption on or around the MnO sites. 

The complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus bulgaricus reveals extensive and ongoing reductive evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 9274-9279. 

Gatrell, M. and MacDougall, B. 2003. Reaction mechanisms in the O2 reduction/evolution reaction. Handbook of Fuel Cells Fundamentals, Technology, Applications, W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, H. A. Gasteiger, (eds). Vol. 2. Chichester John Wiley, pp. 443 64. 

The PTFE reduction process was analyzed quantitatively by the current transients of SECM. In a short time, a nucleation process accounts for the PTFE reduction evolution. The nucleation rate followed a potential dependency similar to that observed for conducting polymer growth or metal deposition. At long time, the expansion of the PTFE carbonization proceeded in a hemi-ellipsoidal fashion, the radial expansion being much easier than the in-depth one. A rough model was proposed in which the reduction along the in-depth direction is mainly controlled by a diffusive process while the material resistivity controls the radial expansion. 

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