Reduction to hydrocarbons

When trifluoroacetic acid is used as the source of protons, it is known that rapid formation of trifluoroacetate esters precedes reduction to hydrocarbons.134,204 206 Use of acetic acid in place of trifluoroacetic acid, for example, would be expected to fail to produce good conversion to reduced product because of the combination of decreased acidity and increased nucleophilicity of acetic acid relative to... 

The photolyses of 2-aziadamantane (16) within CyD hosts give product distributions that largely depend on the type of CyD and thus the supramolecular structure. The formation of 2,4-didehydroadamantane (22) is essentially precluded when other inter- and innermolecular reaction channels are available. However, the formation of 22 is greatly enhanced within supramolecular coniines. The amount of reduction to hydrocarbon 2, the share of azine 19 and 2-adamantanone, the formation of CyD ethers 25a and 25b, and the insertion into solvent molecules yielding 25c-e can widely be controlled by geometry and composition of the ICs. This very interesting influence of the host as mediator can be observed especially well for the photolyses of 16, which primarily yield carbene 21—a species that has no intramolecular pathways to stabilization. 

NaCl-soln. 2-phenyl-l-propylmercuric chloride. Y 97%. F. e., also with dialkyl-boranes, s. R. C. Larock and H. C. Brown, Am. Soc. 92, 2467 (1970) anti-Markownikoff hydrohalogenation (cf. Synth. Meth. 24, 560) by reaction with halogen, also reduction to hydrocarbons (cf. Synth. Meth. 15,69) cf. J. J. Tufariello and M. M. Hovey, Am. Soc. 92, 3221 (1970). 

Although not frequently used directly for reduction to hydrocarbons, aryl iodides (e.g., iodobenzene, CeHsI) on treatment with activated copper (Cu) apparently form arylcuprates, which, in a subsequent step, react with a second equivalent of aryl iodide to produce a biaryl. Equation 7.24 is an example of the production of biphenyl by this coupling process (known as the Ullman reaction). ... 

Reduction to hydrocarbons (Section 12.8) Two methods for converting carbonyi groups to methylene units are the Clemmensen reduction (zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid) and the Wolff-Kishner reduction (heat with hydrazine and potassium hydroxide in a high boiling alcohol). 

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