Reduction of Elemental Nitrogen

Reduction of Elemental Nitrogen 1383 1. Control of Biosynthetic Reactions of Aspartate... 

The reaction takes place on reduction of chlorides of titanium in oxidation state (m) or (iv) by metallic potassium or alkyl-lithium with subsequent decomposition of the organo-titanium species on warming. Titanium metal alkoxide radical anion systems have also been shown to act as catalysts in the conversion of elemental nitrogen to hydrazine ... 

Reduction in flammability is achieved by the incorporation of flame retardants into the polymer. Two possible approaches to this are available either the use of additives blended into the polymer at processing stage (additive type) or the use of alternative monomers which confer reduced flammability on the final product (reactive type). A number of elements have been found to assist with conferring flame retardancy on polymers, the main ones being bromine, chlorine, nitrogen, and phosphorus. 

At the end of the fermentation the wine will be turbid and muddy from the suspended yeast cells and the debris from the fruit. Most of this material will settle quickly, forming a more or less thick layer in the bottom of the bottle. The new wine should be syphoned away from the deposited sediment promptly to avoid off flavors from autolysis of the yeast in the sediment. Also at this time wine acquires the defect of H2S which is produced by reduction of the elemental sulfur dust applied to the grapes as fungicide by the decomposing yeast cells in the thick layer of sediment. The first transfer of the new wine from the sediment should occur very soon after active fermentation, the second about two weeks later, and the third and possibly a fourth two to six months later. These rackings may be conducted under a blanket of nitrogen or carbon dioxide if the particular wine oxidizes easily. 

Nitrate and Ammonium. The transformations of nitrogen species may occur under suitable microbial catalysis (5, 36). Nitrate reduction may result in formation of either elemental nitrogen or ammonium. Mass balances over a whole lake have indicated the importance of the denitrification process for the elimination of nitrogen from lakes (37). The conditions for the dis-similative ammonification of nitrate are poorly known (36). Ammonium is also released by the mineralization of biomass. 

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