Reduction by iron

Nitro groups are readily reduced to primary amines by a variety of methods Cat alytic hydrogenation over platinum palladium or nickel is often used as is reduction by iron or tin m hydrochloric acid The ease with which nitro groups are reduced is especially useful m the preparation of arylamines where the sequence ArH ArN02 ArNH2 IS the standard route to these compounds... 

Liger, E., L. Charlet and P. Van Cappellen, 1999, Surface catalysis of uranium(VI) reduction by iron(II). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 63, 2939-2955. 

S.A. (1980) Infrared study of the adsorption of carboxylic acids on hematite and goethite immersed in carbon tetrachloride. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I. 76 302-313 Buerge, I.J. Hug, S.J. (1999) Influence of mineral surfaces on chromium(VI) reduction by iron(II). Environ. Sci. Techn. 33 4285-4291 Buerge-Weirich, D. Hard, R. Xue, H. Behra, P. Sigg, L. (2002) Adsorption of Cu, Cd and Ni on goethite in the presence of natural groundwater ligands. Environ. Sci. Techn. 36 328-336... 

Alowitz MJ, Scherer MM. Kinetics of nitrate, nitrite, and Cr(VI) reduction by iron metal. Environ Sci Technol 2002 36 299-306. 

Scherer MM, Johnson K, Westall JC, Tratnyek PG. Mass transport effects on the kinetics of nitrobenzene reduction by iron metal. Environ Sci Technol 2001 35 2804-2811. 

Ottley C. J., Davison W., and Edmunds W. M. (1997) Chemical catalysis of nitrate reduction by iron(ll). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 1819-1828. 

Cakmak, I., D. A. M. Van De Wetering, H. Marschner, and H. F. Bienfait (1987), Involvement of Superoxide Radical in Extracellular Ferric Reduction by Iron-Deficient Bean Roots, Plant Physiol. 85, 310-314. 

Hoechst Marion Roussell is part Christ, 1996). Noble-metal catalysis instead of chemical reduction by iron reduced the waste to 1.5 kilograms per 100 kilograms of product. This value corresponds to an elf of -0.98. Originally, the chemical reduction of an aromatic nitro compound to an amine produced 2.37 kg of waste for each Idlo of product. 

Here the preparation of 2-(l-naphthyl)-l-propanol304 will be described as an example of reduction by iron powder ... 

Chemical catalysis of nitrate reduction by iron(II). Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 61 1819-1828. 

Figure 7. Linear sweep voltammograms of oxygen reduction by iron porphyrins deposited on carbon electrode in 0.1 N KOH, oxygen-saturated solution 25° C, 20 mV/sec...

Aldehyde 64 also was elaborated to the quinone 65 by a sequence of reactions including nitration, reduction by iron in acetic acid, and oxidation by Fremy s salt (potassium nitrosodisulfonate). 

Other important tetra-azamacrocycle ligands displaying interesting electrochemistry particularly with metals of the iron group are phthalocyanines, porphyrins, and related species. We now discuss two examples of catalytic small molecule reduction by iron-porphyrin catalyst. 

This reduction of chromium(vi) by plutonium(in) is closely analogous to the reduction by iron(ii) [equation (55)]. The kinetics and the observation of induced... 

Favoured chemical methods include reduction by iron and hydrochloric acid (with optional catalysis by ferric chloride ) or by lithium aluminium hydride . With the latter reagent, ring enlargement has been noted with some tertiary cyclic nitroalkanes (reaction 87) . Lithium aluminium hydride has also been extensively... 

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