Reducing agent, reductant

The Leuckart reaction uses formic acid as reducing agent. Reductive alkylation using formaldehyde, hydrogen, and catalyst, usually nickel, is used commercially to prepare methylated amines. These tertiary amines are used to prepare quaternary ammonium salts. 

With most reducing agents, reduction of carboxylic acids generally gives the primary alcohol (19-34) and the isolation of aldehydes is not feasible. However, simple straight-chain carboxylic acids have been reduced to aldehydesby treatment with Li in MeNH2 or NH3 followed by hydrolysis of the resulting imine, ... 

Reducing agent Hydrogen is electropositive when it provides electrons to other substances in chemical reactions and, thus, is a reducing agent. Reduction is the opposite of oxidation. 

Reduction of the aldehyde or ketone group in a sugar is readily achieved using a variety of reducing agents. Reduction occurs on the small amount of open-chain form present at equilibrium. As the open-chain form is removed, the equilibrium is disturbed until total reduction is achieved. The products are polyhydroxy compounds termed alditols. Reduction... 

Reducing Agent Reduction The oxidized substance causing the reduction of other substances. A gain of electrons. 

Closely tied to the photochemistry of these complexes is their behavior in the presence of reducing agents. Reduction of [Rh(bipy)3]3+ with BH4 or Zn amalgam was reported to yield [Rh(bipy)2]+.4 1... 

With LiAiH[OC(CH3)3]3, a milder reducing agent, reduction stops at the aldehyde stage. 

JV-Alkylanthranilium salts, like their parent anthranils, are readily reduced to 2-alkylaminoacylbenzenes. Sodium dithionite,236,237 zinc,237 or iron in acetic acid,238 and palladium charcoal and hydrogen238,239 are the usual reducing agents. Reduction with sodium borohydride produces the synthetically useful benzisoxazolines (170) in high yield233,237 (see Section III,G,1). 

Surface area (m2g- ) Reducing agent Reduction temp. (K) Oxidation Technique temp. (K) Oxygen storage (mol 02/mol Ce02) Dynamic Total Reference... 

Isolated carbon-carbon double bonds are not normally reduced by dissolving metal reducing agents. Reduction is possible when the double bond is conjugated, because the intermediate anion can be stabilized by electron delocalization. The best reagent is a solution of an alkali metal in liquid ammonia, with or without addition of an alcohol - the so-called Birch reduction conditions. Under these conditions conjugated alkenes, a,p-unsaturated ketones and even aromatic rings can be reduced to dihydro derivatives. 

Reducing Agents/Reduction Methods Alcohols [78,101] Hydrogen Gas [48,102,148] Sodium Borohydride [110,135] Sodium Citrate [83,173] Thermal Reduction [46] Photochemical Reduction [107,108] Sono-chemical Reduction [167]... 

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