Rectangular Diagrams

As with an (equilateral) triangle, the point at each apex of this (right) triangle represents one of the three components in the pure state. Each of the three sides of the triangle represents mixtures in which one of the three components is completely absent. For example, the base of the right triangle at right represents mixtures of acetic acid and water which do not contain any ether. 

Suppose we take two immiscible liquids (formed of the same three components A, B and C) and mix them. What will be the composition of the mixture Let 

V= total mass flowrate of the two liquid input streams M = total mass flowrate of the output stream (ignoring the phase distribution) 

Solution Here is a receipe for a graphical solution using a rectangular diagram (see figure at right). 

Step 2 Locate point M on a straight line connecting L and V using the inverse lever-arm rule  

---

Available data on explosibility of chlorine and hydrogen in admixture with air, hydrogen chloride, oxygen or inert gases is discussed and presented as triangular or rectangular diagrams. 

The equilibrium line of the rectangular diagram is constructed with the preceding tabulation. Points on the material balance line... 

Equilibrium diagrams for leaching. The equilibrium data can be plotted on the rectangular diagram as wt fraction for the three components solute A), inert or leached solid (B), and solvent (Q. The two phases are the overflow (liquid) phase and the underflow (slurry) phase. This method is discussed elsewhere (B2). Another convenient method of plotting the equilibrium data will be used, instead, which is similar to the method discussed in the enthalpy-concentration plots in Section 11.6. 

Because it is difficult to represent a system of three components on a rectangular diagram, a triangular diagram frequently is used. In Figure 11-2, A and B are the two solvents, and C is the solute. A feature of the triangular diagram is that at any point the summation of the concentrations of components A, B, and C always is 100%. 

---