Reconciliation of the Radiation and Chemical Paradigms

Individual risks, depending on size of exposed population, that are unacceptable (intolerable) if exceeded, risks should be reduced regardless of cost 

Additional efforts required to reduce risks below level selected as de manifestis to levels considered as low as. reasonably achievable 

Below this level, application of ALARA principle to further risk reduction depends on the level selected as de minimis 

a negligible (de minimis) excess lifetime risk having a value in the range of about 10 4 to 10 6 and below, where risks from any substance and source of exposure would be so low that efforts at further risk reduction would be unwarranted  

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A proper reconciliation of the radiation and chemical paradigms for risk management is important to the development of a comprehensive and risk-based hazardous waste classification system. In particular, the proposed waste classification system developed in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 of this Report is based fundamentally on the concept that an acceptable risk generally can be substantially greater than a negligible risk. This distinction is used to define different classes of waste that pose an increasing hazard. 

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