Recombination modeling-directed evolution

G. L. Moore and C. D. Maranas, Modeling DNA mutation and recombination for directed evolution experiments, J. Theor. Biol. 2000, 205, 483-503. 

Since during its evolution beyond the horizon, any dynamical change in the fluctuation spectra was causally forbidden, the fluctuating gravitational field experienced by the recombining hydrogen atoms was directly related to the fluctuation spectra of the inflationary epoch, determined by the quantum fluctuations of the field(s) of that era. This observation leads promptly to the conclusion that the spectra should be very close to the ZeTdovich-Harrison spectra. Detailed features of the power spectra seem to effectively rule out some of the concurrent inflationary models. 

As discussed in Section 7.2.3, radiation can induce segregation of alloy elements at defect sinks such as grain boundaries [101]. Typically, RIS is a result of inverse Kirkendall (IK) effects in which the evolution of defect concentration field drives the evolution of alloy composition field. ID rate theory modeling [44,101] is widely used to describe the coupled evolution between defect flux and composition flux. These rate theory models considered both vacancy-mediated and interstitial-mediated solute transport, as well as point defect recombination and defect loss to dislocations. At steady state, the solute segregation direction depends on the relative diffiisivity of different species-defect coupled diffusion. In austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, the vacancy-mediated solute diffusion alone is sufficient in describing the RIS trend and the interstitial-mediated solute diffusion is usually assumed to have a neutral contribution to RIS [44]. However, in Fe-Cr F/M alloys, both interstitial- and vacancy-mediated diffusion should be considered [102]. 

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